Heat Extremes, Public Health Impacts, and Adaptation Policy in Germany
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Rising Course of Summer Heat Events—Going to Extremes
3. Heat-Related Health Impacts—A New Emerging Issue for Public Health
4. From Science to Policy Achievements on Heat-Related Health Adaptation
4.1. History of the General Policy Frame
4.2. First Adaptation Instruments and Measures
4.2.1. Heat Health Warning Systems
4.2.2. Heat Health Action Plans
4.2.3. The Local Project “HHAP for Elderly People of the City of Cologne”
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rank | Mean Temp. 1 | Year | Mean s. Temp. 2 | Year | Max. Temp. 3 | Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 10.5 | 2018 | 19.7 | 2003 | 42.6 | 2019 |
2. | 10.3 | 2019 | 19.3 | 2018 | 40.3 | 2015 |
3. | 10.3 | 2014 | 19.2 | 2019 | 40.2 | 2003 |
4. | 9.9 | 2015 | 18.4 | 2015 | 40.2 | 1983 |
5. | 9.9 | 2000 | 18.1 | 2006 | 39.6 | 1994 |
6. | 9.9 | 2007 | 18.0 | 2002 | 39.6 | 1952 |
7. | 9.7 | 1994 | 17.9 | 2017 | 39.0 | 2003 |
8. | 9.6 | 2011 | 17.8 | 2016 | 38.9 | 1921 |
9. | 9.6 | 2017 | 17.8 | 2010 | 38.8 | 2010 |
10. | 9.6 | 2002 | 17.7 | 2013 | 38.6 | 2006 |
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Mücke, H.-G.; Litvinovitch, J.M. Heat Extremes, Public Health Impacts, and Adaptation Policy in Germany. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7862. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217862
Mücke H-G, Litvinovitch JM. Heat Extremes, Public Health Impacts, and Adaptation Policy in Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(21):7862. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217862
Chicago/Turabian StyleMücke, Hans-Guido, and Jutta Maria Litvinovitch. 2020. "Heat Extremes, Public Health Impacts, and Adaptation Policy in Germany" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 7862. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217862
APA StyleMücke, H.-G., & Litvinovitch, J. M. (2020). Heat Extremes, Public Health Impacts, and Adaptation Policy in Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7862. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217862