Active Commuting, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviors in Children and Adolescents from Spain: Findings from the ANIBES Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Commuting Assessment Data
2.3. Physical Activity Level
2.4. Sedentary Lifestyle Data
2.5. Anthropometric Measurements
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strength and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Children | Adolescents | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Boys Mean ± SD Median (P25–P75) | n | Girls Mean ± SD Median (P25–P75) | n | Boys Mean ± SD Median (P25–P75) | n | Girls Mean ± SD Median (P25–P75) | |
Body mass (kg) | 126 | 43.0 ± 9.8 | 87 | 43.3 ± 10.3 | 137 | 64.0 ± 13.7 | 74 | 57.4 ± 10.4 |
Height (cm) | 126 | 147.0 ± 9.6 | 87 | 147.3 ± 9.52 | 137 | 171.1 ± 9.2 | 74 | 161.5 ± 7.0 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 126 | 19.7 ± 3.4 | 87 | 19.7 ± 3.2 | 137 | 21.8 ± 3.4 | 74 | 21.9 ± 3.5 |
Geographical Distribution (%) | ||||||||
Center | 22 | 17.5 | 18 | 20.7 | 25 | 18.2 | 18 | 24.3 |
Atlantic | 19 | 15.1 | 20 | 23.0 | 31 | 22.6 | 17 | 23.0 |
Mediterranean | 42 | 33.3 | 26 | 29.9 | 52 | 38.0 | 15 | 20.3 |
South | 43 | 34.1 | 23 | 26.4 | 29 | 21.2 | 24 | 32.4 |
Parents Income (%) | ||||||||
<1000€ | 14 | 15.7 | 19 | 31.7 | 20 | 21.1 | 10 | 19.6 |
1000–2000€ | 60 | 67.4 | 31 | 51.7 | 57 | 60.0 | 31 | 60.8 |
>2000€ | 15 | 16.9 | 10 | 16.7 | 18 | 18.9 | 10 | 19.6 |
Commuting Model (%) | ||||||||
Used walk commuting | 75 | 59.2 | 60 | 69.0 | 98 | 71.5 | 53 | 71.6 |
Used cycle commuting | 22 | 17.4 | 8 | 9.2 | 18 | 13.1 | 1 | 1.3 |
Used motor vehicle commuting | 47 | 37.3 | 29 | 33.3 | 60 | 43.8 | 34 | 45.9 |
Yes/No Motor Vehicle Commuting. | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | |||||||||||
9–12 Years | 13–17 Years | Total | 9–12 Years | 13–17 Years | Total | |||||||
Median (P25–P75) | Median (P25–P75) | Median (P25–P75) | Median (P25–P75) | Median (P25–P75) | Median (P25–P75) | |||||||
Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |
Moderate PA (min/day) | 42.9 (15.7–120.0) | 40.7 (0–68.6) | 21.4 (0–65.4) | 12.9 (0–51.4) | 30.0 (0–75.7) | 23.6 (0–60.0) | 0 (0–51.4) † | 28.6 (17.4–54.3) † | 11.4 (0–34.3) | 5.4 (0–22.1) | 0 (0–42.9) | 20.4 (0–40.7) |
Vigorous PA (min/day) | 47.1 (25.7–77.1) | 34.3 (11.4–51.4) | 34.3 (0–56.4) | 20.0 (0–64.3) | 34.3 (0–68.6) | 28.9 (0–60.0) | 17.4 (0–34.3) | 5.4 (0–25.7) | 8.6 (0–34.3) † | 0 (0–13.6) † | 17.1 (0–34.3) | 0 (0–22.9) |
MVPA (min/day) | 77.9 (44.3–201.4) | 70.1 (34.3–120.0) | 55.7 (15.0–125.7) | 55.7 (17.1–111.4) | 71.4 (34.3–150.0) | 62.9 (21.4–116.8) | 34.3 (0–91.4) | 44.6 (18.6–100.7) | 32.1 (0–54.3) † | 13.9 (0–35.4) † | 34.3 (0–74.3) | 25.7 (0–60.0) |
Playground PA (min/day) | 64.0 (30.0–116.0) | 59.0 (22.0–120.0) | 37.0 (15.0–98.0) | 18.0 (0–50.0) | 50.0 (18.0–105.0) * | 31.0 (12.0–82.0) * | 30.0 (15.0–58.0) | 41.0 (15.0–64.0) | 22.0 (0–51.0) † | 5.0 (0–25.5) † | 30.0 (15.0–58.0) | 24.5 (0–60.0) |
Yes/No Cycling Commuting. | ||||||||||||
Moderate PA (min/day) | 53.6 (47.1–107.1) | 31.4 (0–72.1) | 64.3 (20.0–145.5) | 15.0 (0–51.4) | 56.1 (25.7–128.6) * | 21.4 (0–60.0) * | 50.4 (32.1–95.0) | 21.4 (0–51.4) | - | 10.7 (0–30.0) | 40.7 (30.0–74.3) * | 17.1 (0–38.9) * |
Vigorous PA (min/day) | 35.0 (25.7–60.0) | 39.3 (15.0–70.7) | 25.7 (0–77.1) | 25.7 (0–60.0) | 34.3 (13.9–62.9) | 34.3 (0–64.3) | 13.9 (0–29.6) | 10.7 (0–25.7) | - | 0 (0–19.3) | 17.1 (0–34.3) | 0 (0–25.0) |
MVPA (min/day) | 94.6 (57.9–167.1) | 69.3 (34.4–135.0) | 141.4 (21.4–180.0) † | 51.4 (12.7–111.4) † | 101.4 (51.4–171.4) * | 62.1 (24.1–120.0) * | 64.3 (40.7–116.1) | 34.3 (10.7–100.7) | - | 17.1 (0–42.9) | 60.0 (34.3–91.4) | 25.7 (0–57.9) |
Playground PA (min/day) | 60.0 (35.0–176.0) | 56.5 (23.0–107.0) | 36.0 (0–154.0) | 24.0 (0–69.0) | 60.0 (24.5–164.5) * | 36.0 (15.0–90.0) * | 75.0 (13.5–130.0) | 32.0 (15.0–60.0) | - | 15.0 (0–32.0) | 54.0(0–120.0) | 25.0 (5.0–176.0) |
Yes/No Walk Commuting. | ||||||||||||
Moderate PA (min/day) | 51.4 (18.6–85.7) † | 25.7 (0–57.1) † | 2.6 (0–68.6) † | 12.9 (0–34.3) † | 38.6 (0–77.1) * | 16.4 (0–51.4) * | 28.6 (0–74.6) † | 12.9 (0–35.0) † | 15.0 (0–31.4) † | 0 (0–11.4) † | 20.7 (0–51.4) * | 14.8 ± 23.4 0 (0–22.1) * |
Vigorous PA (min/day) | 43.6 (17.1–77.1) | 30.7 (12.9–51.4) | 33.2 (0–61.4) | 0 (0–51.4) | 34.2 (11.4–72.9) * | 25.7 (0–51.4) * | 11.8 (0–32.1) | 10.7 (0–25.7) | 0 (0–22.9) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–25.7) | 0 (0–19.3) |
MVPA (min/day) | 85.7 (57.1–167.1) † | 51.4 (25.7–117.9) † | 62.1 (20.0–128.6) † | 34.3 (10.0–90.0) † | 80.0 (38.6–145.7) * | 47.1 (17.1–102.9) * | 45.7 (17.1–120.0) † | 21.4 (0–51.4) † | 30.0 (0–43.9) † | 0 (0–22.9) † | 34.3 (10.7–89.3) * | 17.1 (0–44.6) * |
Play–ground PA (min/day) | 78.0 (36.0–156.0) † | 35.0 (20.0–74.0) † | 36.0 (12.0–86.0) † | 15.0 (0–20.0) † | 60.0 (20.0–120.0) * | 20.0 (12.0–54.0) * | 42.0 (17.5–80.5) | 30.0 (15.0–60.0) | 20.0 (0–36.0) | 0 (0–30.0) | 30.0 (12.0–62.0) * | 24.0 (0–30.0) * |
Playground PA (min/day) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Adjusted Analysis | |||
β | R2 | p | |
Boys | |||
Motor vehicle (min/day) | 0.005 | 0.191 | 0.003 |
Cycle (min/day) | - | - | |
Walk (min/day) | 0.010 | 0.000 | |
Girls | |||
Motor vehicle (min/day) | - | 0.040 | - |
Cycle (min/day) | - | - | |
Walk (min/day) | 0.007 | 0.028 | |
Moderate PA (min/day) | |||
Boys | |||
Motor vehicle (min/day) | - | 0.118 | - |
Cycle (min/day) | 0.007 | 0.023 | |
Walk (min/day) | 0.006 | 0.001 | |
Girls | |||
Motor vehicle (min/day) | - | 0.147 | - |
Cycle (min/day) | - | - | |
Walk (min/day) | 0.007 | 0.004 | |
Vigorous PA (min/day) | |||
Boys | |||
Motor vehicle (min/day) | - | 0.041 | - |
Cycle (min/day) | - | - | |
Walk (min/day) | 0.005 | 0.005 | |
Girls | |||
Motor vehicle (min/day) | - | 0.041 | - |
Cycle (min/day) | - | - | |
Walk (min/day) | 0.005 | 0.005 | |
Moderate to Vigorous PA (min/day) | |||
Boys | |||
Motor vehicle (min/day) | - | 0.073 | - |
Cycle (min/day) | - | - | |
Walk (min/day) | 0.007 | 0.000 | |
Girls | |||
Motor vehicle (min/day) | 0.010 | 0.158 | 0.026 |
Cycle (min/day) | - | - | |
Walk (min/day) | 0.007 | 0.006 |
AC (Cycle and Walk) (min/day) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Spend Time in Sedentary Activities (<2 h; 2.4 h; >4 h) | β | R2 | p |
Boys | |||
TV viewing | 0.044 | 0.002 | 0.558 |
Console games | 0.062 | 0.004 | 0.410 |
Computer games | 0.138 | 0.019 | 0.068 |
Internet use for non-study reason | −0.062 | 0.004 | 0.413 |
Internet for academic reason | −0.015 | 0.001 | 0.845 |
Study without internet use | −0.184 | 0.034 | 0.013 |
Girls | |||
TV viewing | 0.021 | 0.006 | 0.829 |
Console games | −0.044 | 0.008 | 0.644 |
Computer games | −0.009 | 0.006 | 0.925 |
Internet use for non-study reason | 0.000 | 0.006 | 0.997 |
Internet for academic reason | −0.075 | 0.012 | 0.429 |
Study without internet use | −0.028 | 0.007 | 0.768 |
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Aparicio-Ugarriza, R.; Mielgo-Ayuso, J.; Ruiz, E.; Ávila, J.M.; Aranceta-Bartrina, J.; Gil, Á.; Ortega, R.M.; Serra-Majem, L.; Varela-Moreiras, G.; González-Gross, M. Active Commuting, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviors in Children and Adolescents from Spain: Findings from the ANIBES Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020668
Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Ruiz E, Ávila JM, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Gil Á, Ortega RM, Serra-Majem L, Varela-Moreiras G, González-Gross M. Active Commuting, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviors in Children and Adolescents from Spain: Findings from the ANIBES Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(2):668. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020668
Chicago/Turabian StyleAparicio-Ugarriza, Raquel, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso, Emma Ruiz, José Manuel Ávila, Javier Aranceta-Bartrina, Ángel Gil, Rosa M. Ortega, Lluis Serra-Majem, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, and Marcela González-Gross. 2020. "Active Commuting, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviors in Children and Adolescents from Spain: Findings from the ANIBES Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020668
APA StyleAparicio-Ugarriza, R., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Ruiz, E., Ávila, J. M., Aranceta-Bartrina, J., Gil, Á., Ortega, R. M., Serra-Majem, L., Varela-Moreiras, G., & González-Gross, M. (2020). Active Commuting, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behaviors in Children and Adolescents from Spain: Findings from the ANIBES Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020668