Care Dependency in Patients with Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Tools
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Frequency | Percentage | ||
---|---|---|---|
Place | |||
Heart failure unit within hospital | 145 | 78.40 | |
Primary care | 39 | 21.10 | |
Other | 1 | 0.50 | |
Hospital admissions in last 12 months | |||
0 | 56 | 30.40 | |
1 | 91 | 49.50 | |
2 | 22 | 12.00 | |
3 | 12 | 6.50 | |
4 | 3 | 1.60 | |
Length of stay in the last 12 months (M)(SD) | 11.23 ± 9.43 |
Mean | Standard Deviation (SD) | Median | P25 | P75 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eating and drinking | 3.96 | ±1.25 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Continence | 3.90 | ±1.26 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Body posture | 4.02 | ±1.23 | 5 | 3 | 5 |
Mobility | 3.72 | ±1.29 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Day/night pattern | 3.97 | ±1.26 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Getting dressed and undressed | 3.82 | ±1.29 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Body temperature | 4.14 | ±1.17 | 5 | 3 | 5 |
Hygiene | 3.83 | ±1.25 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Avoidance of damage | 3.98 | ±1.24 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Communications | 4.12 | ±1.19 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
Contact with others | 4.14 | ±1.16 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
Sense of rules and values | 4.10 | ±1.17 | 5 | 3 | 5 |
Daily activities | 3.87 | ±1.28 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Recreational activities | 3.89 | ±1.30 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Learning activities | 3.97 | ±1.21 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
Frequency | Percentage | |
---|---|---|
Category 1. Patient is completely dependent on care from others (missing all initiative to act; therefore, care and assistance is always necessary) | 10 | 5.3 |
Category 2. Patient is to a great extent dependent on care from others (many restrictions to act independently, therefore, to a great extent dependent on care and assistance) | 18 | 9.6 |
Category 3. Patient is partially dependent on care from others (there are restrictions to act independently, therefore, partially dependent on care and assistance) | 39 | 20.9 |
Category 4. Patient is only to a limited extent dependent on care from others (few restrictions to act independently, therefore, only to a limited extent dependent on care and assistance) | 44 | 23.5 |
Category 5. Patient is almost independent on care from others (almost everything can be done without assistance) | 76 | 40.6 |
Total Sample | CDS Dependent ≤68 | CDS Independent >68 | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Percentage | Frequency | Percentage | Frequency | Percentage | |||
Gender | 0.020 | |||||||
Male | 94 | 50.30 | 48 | 43.20 | 46 | 60.50 | ||
Female | 93 | 49.70 | 63 | 56.80 | 30 | 39.50 | ||
Age; average (SD) | 81.06 ± 8.82 | 83.05 ± 7.20 | 77.46 ± 9.76 | <0.001 | ||||
Marital status | 0.525 | |||||||
Single | 12 | 6.40 | 6 | 5.40 | 6 | 7.90 | ||
Married | 86 | 46.00 | 48 | 53.20 | 38 | 50.00 | ||
Divorced | 1 | 0.50 | 1 | 0.90 | 0 | 0.00 | ||
Widower | 88 | 47.10 | 56 | 50.50 | 32 | 42.10 | ||
Level of education | <0.001 | |||||||
Primary | 164 | 87.70 | 107 | 96.40 | 57 | 75.00 | ||
Secondary | 11 | 5.90 | 3 | 2.70 | 8 | 10.50 | ||
Vocational education | 1 | 0.50 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 1.30 | ||
General Certificate | 5 | 2.70 | 0 | 0.00 | 5 | 6.60 | ||
University | 6 | 3.20 | 1 | 0.90 | 5 | 6.60 | ||
Employment | 0.046 | |||||||
Employed | 3 | 1.50 | 3 | 2.70 | 0 | 0.00 | ||
Self-employed | 5 | 2.50 | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 5.30 | ||
Retired | 193 | 95.10 | 107 | 96.40 | 71 | 93.40 | ||
Unemployed | 2 | 1.00 | 1 | 0.90 | 1 | 1.30 | ||
Nationality | 0.228 | |||||||
Spanish | 185 | 98.90 | 111 | 100.00 | 74 | 97.37 | ||
Other | 2 | 1.10 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 2.63 | ||
Persons living in the house | 0.247 | |||||||
0 | 52 | 27.80 | 28 | 25.20 | 24 | 31.60 | ||
1 | 86 | 46.00 | 53 | 47.70 | 33 | 43.40 | ||
2 | 30 | 16.00 | 20 | 18.00 | 10 | 13.20 | ||
3 | 13 | 7.00 | 5 | 4.50 | 8 | 10.50 | ||
4 | 2 | 1.10 | 1 | 0.90 | 1 | 1.30 | ||
Religious community | 4 | 2.10 | 4 | 3.60 | 0 | 0.00 | ||
Financial status | 0.052 | |||||||
Has more than enough to live on | 38 | 20.30 | 16 | 14.40 | 22 | 28.90 | ||
Has enough to live on | 140 | 74.90 | 89 | 80.20 | 51 | 67.10 | ||
Has financial difficulties | 9 | 4.80 | 6 | 5.40 | 3 | 3.90 | ||
Tobacco | 0.337 | |||||||
No | 174 | 94.10 | 101 | 92.70 | 73 | 96.10 | ||
Yes | 11 | 5.90 | 8 | 7.30 | 3 | 3.90 | ||
Alcohol | 0.010 | |||||||
No | 175 | 93.60 | 107 | 98.20 | 68 | 89.50 | ||
Yes | 10 | 5.60 | 2 | 1.80 | 8 | 10.50 |
Odd Ratio | p-Value | Confidence Interval 95% | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.92 | <0.001 | 0.89–0.96 |
Level of education | 2.16 | 0.005 | 1.26–3.73 |
Alcohol | 6.82 | 0.020 | 1.34–34.53 |
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Juárez-Vela, R.; Durante, Á.; Pellicer-García, B.; Cardoso-Muñoz, A.; Criado-Gutiérrez, J.M.; Antón-Solanas, I.; Gea-Caballero, V. Care Dependency in Patients with Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197042
Juárez-Vela R, Durante Á, Pellicer-García B, Cardoso-Muñoz A, Criado-Gutiérrez JM, Antón-Solanas I, Gea-Caballero V. Care Dependency in Patients with Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(19):7042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197042
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuárez-Vela, Raúl, Ángela Durante, Begoña Pellicer-García, Antonio Cardoso-Muñoz, José María Criado-Gutiérrez, Isabel Antón-Solanas, and Vicente Gea-Caballero. 2020. "Care Dependency in Patients with Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197042
APA StyleJuárez-Vela, R., Durante, Á., Pellicer-García, B., Cardoso-Muñoz, A., Criado-Gutiérrez, J. M., Antón-Solanas, I., & Gea-Caballero, V. (2020). Care Dependency in Patients with Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197042