Get Vigorous with Physical Exercise and Improve Your Well-Being at Work!
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Physical Exercise
1.2. Well-Being at Work
1.3. Vigor in Physical Exercise
1.4. Hypotheses of the Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Protocol
2.2. Measures
- Physical exercise. It was evaluated as the amount of time the participants spent carrying out physical exercise during the week. For each sport they practiced, they were asked to indicate how long the session/s was/were. For the study, it was taken into account the sum of the minutes of all the exercises performed during the week (minimum = 90 min; maximum = 1560 min; mean = 266.50 min; SD = 179.27).
- Vigor in physical exercise. It was evaluated using the three items corresponding to the vigor dimension of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) [37], but adapted to PE (“When I do physical exercise, I feel full of energy”; “When I wake up in the morning, I feel like going to do physical exercise”; “Due to physical exercise, I feel strong and energetic”). It was measured with a Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (never) to 6 (always).
- Job satisfaction. It was evaluated using a scale of faces [38]; on a single item, they were asked to indicate the face that best expressed their degree of satisfaction with their work (0 = sad face, very dissatisfied and 6 = face happy, very satisfied).
- Positive affect. It was evaluated using a 7-point visual analog scale [39], where a single item asked them to indicate the face that best expressed how they had felt at the level of emotional well-being during the past year at work (0 = sad face and 6 = happy face).
- Stress. It was evaluated using the one item corresponding to the stress dimension of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) [40] adapted to the work context (“In my work, my worries have taken my sleep away”). It was measured with a Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (much less than usual) to 6 (much more than usual).
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Analyses and Harman’s Test
3.2. Hierarchical Regression Analysis.
3.3. Additional Analyses
Model Fit: Structural Equation Models
4. Discussion
4.1. Theoretical and Practical Implications
4.2. Study Limitations and Future Research
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Amount time PE | 266.50 | 179.27 | - | ||||
2 | Vigor PE | 4.21 | 1.09 | 0.28 ** | - | |||
3 | Job satisfaction | 4.46 | 1.19 | 0.04 | 0.07 | - | ||
4 | Positive affect | 4.11 | 1.40 | 0.07 | 0.18 ** | 0.71 ** | - | |
5 | Stress | 2.81 | 1.88 | −0.08 | −0.12 ** | −0.26 ** | −0.42 ** | - |
Model | χ2 | gl | χ2/gl | RMSEA | CFI | IFI | TLI | AIC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 23.36 | 13 | 1.80 | 0.04 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 67.36 |
M2 | 55.96 | 13 | 4.30 | 0.08 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.90 | 99.96 |
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Gil-Beltrán, E.; Meneghel, I.; Llorens, S.; Salanova, M. Get Vigorous with Physical Exercise and Improve Your Well-Being at Work! Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176384
Gil-Beltrán E, Meneghel I, Llorens S, Salanova M. Get Vigorous with Physical Exercise and Improve Your Well-Being at Work! International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176384
Chicago/Turabian StyleGil-Beltrán, Ester, Isabella Meneghel, Susana Llorens, and Marisa Salanova. 2020. "Get Vigorous with Physical Exercise and Improve Your Well-Being at Work!" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176384