Physical Activity and Physical Competence in Overweight and Obese Children: An Intervention Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedures
2.2. Treatment Program and PE Lessons
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Anthropometrics
2.3.2. Physical Activity
2.3.3. Physical Fitness
- -
- The standing long jump (SLJ) is aimed at evaluating lower-limb power. Children were permitted to perform a countermovement with the arms and legs before jumping horizontally. The test was performed twice, and the longest distance jumped was registered.
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- The medicine ball throw (MBT) is intended to assess upper-limb power. Participants were asked to perform a two-hand overhead throw with a 2 kg medicine ball from a standing position with feet slightly apart. The highest value of two performance measures was recorded.
- -
- The 10 × 5 m shuttle-run (SR) is meant to evaluate speed of movement, agility, and coordination. Children were instructed to run back and forth five times along a 10 m distance as quickly as possible. The test was performed twice, and the lowest sprint value was reported.
2.3.4. Perceived Physical Ability
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control Group (n = 29) | Intervention Group (n = 35) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Boys (n = 16) | Girls (n = 13) | Boys (n = 20) | Girls (n = 15) |
M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | |
Age (years) | 11.6 ± 0.2 | 11.5 ± 0.1 | 11.0 ± 0.6 | 11.0 ± 0.5 |
Height (cm) | 154.1 ± 5.0 | 157.1 ± 8.2 | 147.7 ± 7.8 | 149.8 ± 7.0 |
Weight (kg) | 61.3 ± 10.5 | 68.0 ± 13.5 | 58.6 ± 13.2 | 58.5 ± 10.4 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 3.5 | 27.4 ± 3.8 | 26.6 ± 4.0 | 25.9 ± 3.0 |
BMI z-score | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.3 |
BMI percentile | 95.2 ± 3.7 | 96.1 ± 3.7 | 96.5 ± 3.1 | 96.1 ± 2.1 |
T0 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control Group | Intervention Group | |||||
Variable | Boys | Girls | Total | Boys | Girls | Total |
M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | |
SLJ (cm) | 133.31 ± 24.99 | 108.46 ± 21.42 | 122.17 ± 26.26 * | 97.95 ± 23.28 | 95.07 ± 13.99 | 96.71 ± 19.63 * |
MBT (m) | 4.98 ± 1.03 | 4.37 ± 0.81 | 4.70 ± 0.97 * | 4.76 ± 0.98 | 4.40 ± 0.96 | 4.60 ± 0.97 * |
SR (s) | 23.14 ± 2.66 | 24.76 ± 2.00 | 23.87 ± 2.50 | 25.25 ± 2.64 | 24.73 ± 1.82 | 25.03 ± 2.31 |
PAL | 2.08 ± 0.54 | 2.14 ± 0.58 | 2.11 ± 0.55 * | 1.83 ± 0.44 | 2.01 ± 0.49 | 1.91 ± 0.46 * |
PPA | ||||||
Positive scale | 15.81 ± 3.75 | 16.38 ± 3.87 | 16.07 ± 3.74 | 16.25 ± 3.70 | 16.07 ± 2.40 | 16.17 ± 3.17 |
Negative scale | 20.44 ± 2.73 | 20.08 ± 3.73 | 20.28 ± 3.16 * | 18.55 ± 3.87 | 18.47 ± 3.02 | 18.51 ± 3.48 * |
T1 | ||||||
SLJ (cm) | 135.06 ± 23.71 | 110.77 ± 18.57 | 124.17 ± 24.50 * | 108.50 ± 20.32 | 104.47 ± 15.31 | 106.77 ± 18.20 * |
MBT (m) | 5.12 ± 1.08 | 4.30 ± 0.86 | 4.75 ± 1.05 * | 5.24 ± 1.14 | 5.01 ± 1.03 | 5.14 ± 1.08 * |
SR (s) | 22.82 ± 2.07 | 23.85 ± 1.65 | 23.28 ± 1.93 | 24.28 ± 2.51 | 24.19 ± 1.90 | 24.24 ± 2.24 |
PAL | 2.13 ± 0.57 | 2.03 ± 0.51 | 2.09 ± 0.54 * | 2.33 ± 0.69 | 2.53 ± 0.68 | 2.42 ± 0.68 * |
PPA | ||||||
Positive scale | 16.56 ± 3.92 | 17.08 ± 3.33 | 16.79 ± 3.61 | 17.80 ± 3.24 | 18.53 ± 2.70 | 18.11 ± 3.00 |
Negative scale | 20.56 ± 3.41 | 21.69 ± 2.25 | 21.07 ± 2.95 * | 21.75 ± 3.01 | 22.20 ± 2.86 | 21.94 ± 2.91 * |
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Morano, M.; Robazza, C.; Bortoli, L.; Rutigliano, I.; Ruiz, M.C.; Campanozzi, A. Physical Activity and Physical Competence in Overweight and Obese Children: An Intervention Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176370
Morano M, Robazza C, Bortoli L, Rutigliano I, Ruiz MC, Campanozzi A. Physical Activity and Physical Competence in Overweight and Obese Children: An Intervention Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176370
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorano, Milena, Claudio Robazza, Laura Bortoli, Irene Rutigliano, Montse C. Ruiz, and Angelo Campanozzi. 2020. "Physical Activity and Physical Competence in Overweight and Obese Children: An Intervention Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176370