Factors Affecting Health-Promoting Behaviors among Nursing Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sample
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Health-Promoting Behaviors
2.2.2. Health Perceptions
2.2.3. Health Concern
2.2.4. Data Collection
2.2.5. Data Analysis
2.2.6. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Subjects’ General Characteristics and Differences
3.2. Levels of Health Perceptions, Health Concern, and Health-Promoting Behaviors
3.3. Correlations between Health Perceptions, Health Concern, and Health-Promoting Behaviors
3.4. Factors Influencing Health-Promoting Behaviors
4. Discussion
Limitations and Recommendations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Polat, Ü.; Özen, Ş.; Kahraman, B.B.; Bostanoğlu, H. Factors affecting health-promoting behaviors in nursing students at a university in Turkey. J. Transcult. Nurs. 2016, 27, 413–419. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pender, N.J.; Murdaugh, C.L.; Parsons, M.A. Health Promotion in Nursing Practice, 6th ed.; Prentice-Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Chhim, D. Comparison of health-promoting lifestyles of family nurse practitioner students and non-nursing students. Master’s Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA, May 2011. [Google Scholar]
- Hosseini, M.; Ashktorab, T.; Taghdisi, M.H.; Vardanjani, A.E.; Rafiei, H. Health-promoting behaviors and their association with certain demographic characteristics of nursing students of Tehran City in 2013. Glob. J. Health Sci. 2014, 7, 264–272. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pawloski, L.R.; Davidson, M.R. Physical activity and body composition analysis of female baccalaureate nursing students. Nurse Ed. Pract. 2003, 3, 155–162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blake, H.; Patterson, J. Paediatric nurses’ attitudes towards the promotion of healthy eating. Br. J. Nurs. 2015, 24, 108–112. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Burke, E.; McCarthy, B. The lifestyle behaviours and exercise beliefs of undergraduate student nurses. Health Educ. 2011, 111, 230–246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Evans, J.M.; Eades, C.E.; Cameron, D.M. Health and health behaviours among a cohort of first year nursing students in Scotland: A self-report survey. Nurse Ed. Pract. 2019, 36, 71–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Klainin-Yobas, P.; He, H.-G.; Lau, Y. Physical fitness, health behaviour and health among nursing students: A descriptive correlational study. Nurse Ed. Today 2015, 35, 1199–1205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blake, H.; Malik, S.; Mo, P.K.; Pisano, C. “Do as I say, but not as I do”: Are next generation nurses role models for health? Perspect. Public Health 2011, 131, 231–239. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rodriguez-Gazquez, M.; Chaparro-Hernandez, S.; González-López, J.R. Are first-year nursing students’ lifestyles coherent with their future career? Int. J. Nurs. Pract. 2017, 23, e12511. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ross, A.; Bevans, M.; Brooks, A.T.; Gibbons, S.; Wallen, G.R. Nurses and health-promoting behaviors: Knowledge may not translate into self-care. Aorn. J. 2017, 105, 267–275. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Oh, J.W.; Moon, Y.S. A predictive model of health promotion behavior in nursing students. J. Digit. Converg. 2014, 12, 391–403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Park, D.Y.; Kim, M.J. The effects of family function, health perception, and self-efficacy on health promoting behaviors of nursing college students. J. Korea Contents Assoc. 2017, 17, 561–570. [Google Scholar]
- Menec, V.H.; Chipperfield, J.G.; Perry, R.P. Self-perceptions of health: A prospective analysis of mortality, control, and health. J. Gerontol. Ser. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. 1999, 54, P85–P93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bae, S.S.; Jo, H.H.; Lee, H.J. Factors associated with channels of health information used by metropolitan city residents. Korean J. Health Ed. Promot. 2018, 27, 91–103. [Google Scholar]
- Park, S.; Lee, Y.H. Effects of perceived health status, health attitude, and health concern on health promoting behavior in adults. J. Korea Contents Assoc. 2016, 16, 192–202. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hong, S.H. The relationship between perceived health status and health promoting behaviors among nursing students. J. Korean Acad. Soc. Nurs. Ed. 2013, 19, 78–86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chow, S.K.Y.; Lam, K.-M.; Lie, S.-H.; Mak, K.-C.; Mong, K.-C.; So, C.-M.; Yuen, W.-Y. Do demographic factors and a health-promoting lifestyle influence the self-rated health of college nursing students? BMC Nurs. 2018, 17, 50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, H.C.; Lee, K.S.; Cheong, H.K.; Lee, Y.H.; Lim, K.Y.; Chung, Y.K.; Hong, C.H. Application of health concern and activity model on cognition in the elderly. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 2011, 53, e187–e191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Johnson, S.B. Health behavior and health status: Concepts, methods, and applications. J. Pediatr. Psychol. 1994, 19, 129–141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Faul, F.; Erdfelder, E.; Lang, A.G.; Buchner, A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav. Res. Meth. 2007, 39, 175–191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Walker, S.N.; Sechrist, K.R.; Pender, N.J. The health-promoting lifestyle profile: Development and psychometric characteristics. Nurs. Res. 1987, 36, 76–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Seo, H.M. Construction of Health Promoting Behaviors Model in Elderly. Ph.D. Thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, February 2001. [Google Scholar]
- Ware, J. Health Perception Questionnaire Instruments for Measuring Nursing Practice and Other Care Variables; DHEW Publication: Hyattsville, MD, USA, 1979. [Google Scholar]
- Oh, J.H.; Yi, M.S. Structural equation modeling on quality of life in older adults with osteoarthritis. J. Korean Acad. Nurs. 2014, 44, 75–85. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Moon, I.O.; Park, S.K.; Kim, E.K. Influence on health promotion behavior among nursing students according to health information seeking behavior. J. Korean Public Health Nurs. 2015, 29, 231–243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yang, N.Y.; Song, M.S. Effects of health information media use and health concern on health promoting behaviors in nursing students. J. East-West Nurs. Res. 2019, 25, 148–157. [Google Scholar]
- Hong, S.H. Convergence study of health promoting behaviors between nursing students and general college students. J. Korea Converg. Soc. 2018, 9, 339–346. [Google Scholar]
- Bryer, J.; Cherkis, F.; Raman, J. Health-Promotion Behaviors of Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Survey Analysis. Nurs. Educ. Perspect. 2013, 34, 410–415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Laverack, G. The challenge of behaviour change and health promotion. Challenges 2017, 8, 25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Stevens, G.; Riley, L.; Bull, F. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants. Lancet Glob. Health 2018, 6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Darlison, E. Gender and physical activity. Orthopade 2000, 29, 957–968. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hwang, A.R.; Kang, H.W. Influence of eHealth literacy on health promoting behaviors among university students. J. Korean Soc. Sch. Health 2019, 32, 165–174. [Google Scholar]
- Kim, H.S.; Oh, E.G.; Hyong, H.K.; Cho, E.S. A study on the prediction factors of health promotion lifestyle in university students. J. Korean Community Nurs. 2008, 19, 506–520. [Google Scholar]
- Kang, S. Influence of fatigue, health perception, and happiness on health promoting behaviors among general hospital nurses. J. Korea Acad.-Ind. Coop. Soc. 2018, 19, 456–465. [Google Scholar]
- Chiou, A.F.; Hsu, S.P.; Hung, H.F. Predictors of health-promoting behaviors in Taiwanese patients with coronary artery disease. Appl. Nurs. Res. 2016, 30, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Riemenschneider, H.; Balázs, P.; Balogh, E.; Bartels, A.; Bergmann, A.; Cseh, K.; Faubl, N.; Horváth, F.; Kiss, I.; Schelling, J.; et al. Do socio-cultural factors influence medical students’ health status and health-promoting behaviors? A cross-sectional multicenter study in Germany and Hungary. BMC Public Health 2016, 16, 576. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Nacar, M.; Baykan, Z.; Cetinkaya, F.; Arslantas, D.; Ozer, A.; Coskun, O.; Bati, H.; Karaoglu, N.; Elmali, F.; Yilmaze, G. Health promoting lifestyle behaviour in medical students: A multicentre study from turkey. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2014, 15, 8969–8974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Drolet, B.C.; Rodgers, S. A Comprehensive medical student wellness program—design and implementation at vanderbilt school of medicine. J. Assoc. Am. Med. Coll. 2010, 85, 103–110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
Variable | Statistics | Category | Total Sample |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | Mean (SD) | Range: 17–40 | 20.4 (2.3) |
Gender | N (%) | Male | 30 (9.9) |
Female | 274 (90.1) | ||
Grade level | N (%) | Freshmen | 77 (25.3) |
Sophomore | 63 (20.7) | ||
Junior | 82 (27.0) | ||
Senior | 82 (27.0) | ||
Religion | N (%) | Yes | 120 (39.5) |
No | 184 (60.5) | ||
Daily Internet usage hours | N (%) | <1 | 18 (5.9) |
1–2 | 79 (26.0) | ||
2–3 | 91 (29.9) | ||
3–4 | 66 (21.7) | ||
≥4 | 50 (16.4) | ||
Time per week spent searching online for health-related information | N (%) | <1 | 183 (60.2) |
1–3 | 97 (31.9) | ||
3–6 | 19 (6.3) | ||
≥6 | 5 (1.6) |
Health-Promoting Behaviors | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | HR 1 | PA 2 | Nu 3 | SG 4 | IS 5 | SM 6 | ||
Variable | Category | Mean (SD) | ||||||
Gender | Male | 2.71 (0.57) | 2.47 (0.66) | 2.83 (0.83) | 2.45 (0.77) | 2.97 (0.61) | 3.19 (0.61) | 2.70 (0.68) |
Female | 2.44 (0.43) | 2.16 (0.57) | 2.02 (0.69) | 2.14 (0.60) | 2.89 (0.63) | 3.17 (0.56) | 2.55 (0.58) | |
df | 302 | 302 | 302 | 302 | 302 | 302 | 302 | |
t(p) | 3.09 (<0.01) | 2.81 (<0.01) | 5.97 (<0.01) | 2.58 (0.01) | 0.60 (0.55) | 0.17 (0.87) | 1.32 (0.19) | |
Grade level | Freshmen | 2.44 (0.35) | 2.02 (0.47) | 2.03 (0.62) | 2.16 (0.56) | 2.91 (0.49) | 3.25 (0.48) | 2.54 (0.52) |
Sophomore | 2.42 (0.50) | 2.13 (0.62) | 1.99 (0.73) | 2.10 (0.65) | 2.91 (0.68) | 3.14 (0.64) | 2.54 (0.64) | |
Junior | 2.47 (0.47) | 2.24 (0.58) | 2.17 (0.78) | 2.13 (0.62) | 2.88 (0.67) | 3.16 (0.57) | 2.55 (0.63) | |
Senior | 2.53 (0.45) | 2.34 (0.63) | 2.10 (0.81) | 2.28 (0.67) | 2.90 (0.67) | 3.13 (0.56) | 2.63 (0.58) | |
df | 303 | 303 | 303 | 303 | 303 | 303 | 303 | |
F(p) | 0.75(0.52) | 4.37 (<0.01)a<b | 1.17 (0.32) | 1.22 (0.30) | 0.33 (0.99) | 0.74 (0.53) | 1.12 (0.35) | |
Religion | Yes | 2.49 (0.48) | 2.24 (0.64) | 2.13 (0.81) | 2.22 (0.67) | 2.93 (0.64) | 3.15 (0.61) | 2.56 (0.60) |
No | 2.45 (0.42) | 2.15 (0.55) | 2.07 (0.70) | 2.14 (0.60) | 2.88 (0.62) | 3.18 (0.53) | 2.57 (0.58) | |
df | 302 | 302 | 302 | 302 | 302 | 302 | 302 | |
t(p) | 0.75 (0.46) | 1.22(0.22) | 0.66 (0.51) | 1.02 (0.31) | 0.60 (0.55) | −0.47 (0.64) | −0.15 (0.88) | |
Daily Internet usage hours | <1 | 2.51 (0.38) | 2.27 (0.48) | 2.11 (0.61) | 2.25 (0.50) | 2.92 (0.74) | 3.20 (0.64) | 2.55 (0.64) |
1–2 | 2.56 (0.48) | 2.28 (0.65) | 2.24 (0.81) | 2.32 (0.68) | 2.99 (0.59) | 3.18 (0.58) | 2.67 (0.63) | |
2–3 | 2.43 (0.43) | 2.10 (0.57) | 2.04 (0.71) | 2.15 (0.60) | 2.88 (0.67) | 3.13 (0.57) | 2.54 (0.58) | |
3–4 | 2.46 (0.40) | 2.20 (0.58) | 2.10 (0.75) | 2.06 (0.59) | 2.93 (0.54) | 3.21 (0.51) | 2.55 (0.55) | |
≥4 | 2.39 (0.47) | 2.17 (0.57) | 1.96 (0.70) | 2.10 (0.65)) | 2.76 (0.67) | 3.15 (0.58) | 2.50 (0.58) | |
df | 303 | 303 | 303 | 303 | 303 | 303 | 303 | |
F(p) | 1.49 (0.21) | 1.16 (0.33) | 1.22 (0.30) | 1.94 (0.10) | 1.12 (0.35) | 0.22 (0.93) | 0.81 (0.52) | |
Time per week spent searching online for health-related information | <1 | 2.38 (0.42) | 2.11 (0.58) | 1.80 (0.58) | 2.05 (0.60) | 2.85 (0.67) | 3.16 (0.56) | 2.53 (0.62) |
1–3 | 2.58 (0.43) | 2.30 (0.58) | 2.42 (0.69) | 2.35 (0.60) | 2.97 (0.54) | 3.16 (0.58) | 2.60 (0.51) | |
3–6 | 2.70 (0.45) | 2.36 (0.66) | 3.03 (0.62) | 2.35 (0.65) | 2.99 (0.13) | 3.28 (0.49) | 2.62 (0.65) | |
≥6 | 2.81 (0.64) | 2.20 (0.37) | 3.30 (0.68) | 2.53 (0.99) | 2.95 (0.79) | 3.45 (0.56) | 2.87 (0.82) | |
df | 303 | 303 | 303 | 303 | 303 | 303 | 303 | |
F(p) | 7.90 (<0.01) c < d,e | 2.75 (0.04) | 42.17 (<0.01)c < d < e,f | 6.07 (<0.01)c < d | 0.84 (0.47) | 0.70 (0.56) | 0.79 (0.50) |
Variables | Range | Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|
Health perceptions | 1–4 | 2.61(0.76) |
Health concern | 1–4 | 2.59(0.76) |
Health-promoting behavior | 1.1–3.9 | 2.47(0.44) |
Health responsibility | 1–4 | 2.19(0.59) |
Physical activity | 1–4 | 2.10(0.74) |
Nutrition | 1–4 | 2.90(0.63) |
Spiritual growth | 1–4 | 2.17(0.63) |
Interpersonal support | 1–4 | 3.17(0.56) |
Stress management | 1–4 | 2.57(0.59) |
Variable | Total | HR 1 | PA 2 | Nu 3 | SG 4 | IS 5 | SM 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β (SE) | |||||||
Constant | 1.98 (0.20) | 1.91 (0.25) ** | 1.85 (0.27) | 1.39 (0.13) ** | 2.00 (0.16) ** | 2.48 (0.14) ** | 1.84 (0.15) ** |
Gender | −0.12 (0.08) * | −0.29 (0.11) ** | −0.53 (0.12) ** | ||||
Grade level | 0.10 (0.03) ** | ||||||
Time per week spent searching online for health-related information | 0.16 (0.04) ** | 0.48 (0.05) ** | 0.15 (0.05) ** | ||||
Health concern | 0.29 (0.03) ** | 0.22 (0.04) ** | 0.21 (0.05) ** | 0.22 (0.05) ** | |||
Health perceptions | 0.16 (0.03) ** | 0.16 (0.05) ** | 0.13 (0.04) ** | 0.13 (0.04) ** | |||
R2 | 0.202 | 0.146 | 0.375 | 0.114 | 0.105 | 0.076 | 0.076 |
Adj. R2 | 0.192 | 0.137 | 0.368 | 0.109 | 0.099 | 0.070 | 0.070 |
F | 18.97 ** | 17.05 ** | 59.91 ** | 19.44 ** | 17.68 ** | 12.36 ** | 12.44 ** |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Hwang, Y.; Oh, J. Factors Affecting Health-Promoting Behaviors among Nursing Students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176291
Hwang Y, Oh J. Factors Affecting Health-Promoting Behaviors among Nursing Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176291
Chicago/Turabian StyleHwang, Younghui, and Jihyun Oh. 2020. "Factors Affecting Health-Promoting Behaviors among Nursing Students" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176291