Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Convenience Food Consumption among Asian American Youth: 2011–2018 NHANES
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Sample
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age, yrs | Sex | Asian | White | Hispanic | Black | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unweighted n | ||||||
2–17 | Both | 1301 | 3397 | 3901 | 3247 | 917 |
2–5 | Male | 178 | 484 | 528 | 492 | 147 |
Female | 174 | 493 | 534 | 440 | 140 | |
6–11 | Male | 243 | 716 | 808 | 654 | 183 |
Female | 226 | 651 | 812 | 656 | 197 | |
12–17 | Male | 237 | 554 | 583 | 530 | 130 |
Female | 243 | 499 | 636 | 475 | 120 |
Age, yrs | Sex | Asian | White | Hispanic | Black | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI ≥ 95th Percentile, weighted % (95% CI) | ||||||
2–17 | Both | 9.3 (7.6, 11.0) | 14.5 (13.0, 16.0) | 23.8 (22.1, 25.6) | 21.1 (18.9, 23.3) | 20.5 (16.1, 24.9) |
2–5 | Both | 5.5 (2.7, 8.3) | 8.6 (6.6, 10.5) | 17.4 (14.8, 20.1) | 11.3 (8.5, 14.1) | 10.9 (5.5, 16.3) |
Male | 6.6 (2.4, 10.8) | 8.9 (6.2, 11.7) | 19.3 (15.3, 23.4) | 10.4 (6.6, 14.3) | 10.1 (3.4, 16.9) | |
Female | 4.3 (0.4, 8.2) | 8.2 (5.6, 10.8) | 15.5 (11.7, 19.3) | 12.1 (9.0, 15.2) | 11.5 (2.9, 20.2) | |
6–11 | Both | 10.0 (6.7, 13.3) | 14.7 (12.1, 17.3) | 25.8 (23.5, 28.2) | 21.9 (19.0, 24.8) | 19.4 (13.7, 25.1) |
Male | 14.4 (8.9, 19.9) | 15.6 (12.6, 18.7) | 26.7 (22.6, 30.8) | 19.9 (16.6, 23.3) | 23.8 (15.7, 31.9) | |
Female | 5.3 (2.2, 8.3) | 13.8 (10.3, 17.3) | 24.9 (21.5, 28.4) | 23.9 (20.1, 27.7) | 15.8 (9.4, 22.1) | |
12–17 | Both | 11.0 (8.1, 13.8) | 17.6 (14.7, 20.6) | 26.1 (22.9, 29.3) | 26.3 (22.3, 30.3) | 28.6 (20.1, 37.0) |
Male | 14.5 (9.9, 19.2) | 17.5 (13.9, 21.1) | 26.9 (22.9, 31.0) | 22.3 (18.1, 26.5) | 31.4 (19.6, 43.2) | |
Female | 7.7 (4.4, 10.9) | 17.8 (13.4, 22.1) | 25.2 (21.0, 29.3) | 30.7 (24.7, 36.7) | 25.5 (14.7, 36.3) | |
Waist Circumference ≥ 95th Percentile, weighted % (95% CI) | ||||||
6–17 | Both | 18.8 (15.4, 22.1) | 22.9 (20.1, 25.7) | 31.7 (29.5, 33.8) | 25.1 (22.7, 27.4) | 27.6 (21.9, 33.2) |
6–11 | Both | 16.5 (12.6, 20.3) | 18.8 (15.6, 22.1) | 29.3 (26.7, 31.9) | 20.7 (18.4, 23.0) | 23.3 (16.6, 30.1) |
Male | 18.7 (13.0, 24.5) | 15.7 (12.1, 19.3) | 26.6 (22.4, 30.9) | 16.4 (13.9, 18.9) | 24.0 (15.4, 32.5) | |
Female | 14.0 (9.4, 18.6) | 22.2 (17.7, 26.7) | 32.1 (28.7, 35.5) | 25.5 (21.1, 28.8) | 22.8 (14.3, 31.3) | |
12–17 | Both | 21.0 (16.5, 25.5) | 26.8 (23.0, 30.6) | 34.2 (31.2, 37.3) | 29.3 (25.9, 32.7) | 32.6 (23.4, 41.7) |
Male | 24.2 (18.2, 30.1) | 24.3 (20.1, 28.4) | 31.3 (26.9, 35.6) | 21.3 (17.1, 25.5) | 34.7 (24.0, 45.3) | |
Female | 18.0 (12.5, 23.5) | 29.3 (24.1, 34.5) | 37.4 (33.7, 41.0) | 37.9 (33.1, 42.7) | 30.4 (18.1, 42.6) | |
FMI ≥ 75th Percentile, weighted % (95% CI) | ||||||
8–17 | Both | 21.5 (17.6, 25.3) | 27.7 (24.7, 30.7) | 40.1 (37.5, 42.7) | 30.2 (27.1, 32.3) | 34.6 (28.2, 41.0) |
8–11 | Both | 24.8 (19.2, 30.3) | 26.9 (22.4, 31.4) | 42.2 (38.8, 45.6) | 29.0 (25.2, 32.9) | 30.4 (21.8, 38.9) |
Male | 36.1 (27.5, 44.6) | 28.3 (22.4, 34.3) | 46.5 (41.5, 51.5) | 28.1 (23.1, 33.2) | 30.0 (19.2, 40.9) | |
Female | 12.3 (5.8, 18.7) | 25.6 (20.0, 31.1) | 37.5 (32.8, 42.3) | 30.0 (24.0, 36.0) | 30.7 (18.3, 43.2) | |
12–17 | Both | 19.4 (14.9, 24.0) | 28.2 (24.2, 32.2) | 38.5 (35.2, 41.9) | 30.9 (26.8, 35.1) | 37.5 (29.7, 45.4) |
Male | 24.6 (17.9, 31.3) | 29.1 (24.1, 34.1) | 37.1 (32.7, 41.6) | 26.4 (21.6, 31.2) | 39.5 (28.7, 50.3) | |
Female | 15.6 (8.5, 20.6) | 27.3 (22.1, 32.5) | 40.1 (35.6, 44.6) | 36.6 (29.4, 43.8) | 35.3 (23.7, 47.0) | |
LBMI ≤ 25th Percentile, weighted % (95% CI) | ||||||
8–17 | Both | 42.2 (37.6, 46.9) | 27.1 (24.2, 29.9) | 23.8 (21.3, 26.3) | 15.1 (12.9, 17.3) | 24.2 (17.3, 31.0) |
8–11 | Both | 45.2 (37.5, 53.0) | 31.3 (27.3, 35.2) | 27.4 (23.8, 30.9) | 17.2 (14.0, 20.4) | 33.3 (24.8, 41.8) |
Male | 47.6 (37.5, 57.6) | 32.9 (27.1, 38.6) | 27.7 (22.2, 33.1) | 18.7 (14.0, 23.4) | 36.2 (24.0, 48.4) | |
Female | 42.7 (33.9, 51.4) | 29.7 (23.7, 35.7) | 27.0 (22.7, 31.3) | 15.7 (10.8, 20.6) | 30.5 (18.0, 43.1) | |
12–17 | Both | 40.4 (34.3, 46.5) | 24.4 (20.7, 28.1) | 21.2 (18.2, 24.3) | 13.8 (10.9, 16.6) | 17.6 (9.2, 26.0) |
Male | 40.3 (31.4, 49.2) | 23.9 (19.6, 28.1) | 19.6 (16.1, 23.1) | 15.5 (11.8, 19.2) | 17.5 (4.7, 30.3) | |
Female | 40.5 (32.5, 48.5) | 24.9 (19.6, 30.2) | 23.1 (18.4, 27.8) | 11.9 (8.3, 15.4) | 17.7 (5.0, 30.4) |
Predictor | BMI ≥ 95th Percentile in Males (n = 476) | BMI ≥ 95th Percentile in Females (n = 442) | Waist Circumference ≥ 95th Percentile in Males (n = 385) | Waist Circumference ≥ 95th Percentile in Females (n = 368) |
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | ||||
Age: 6–11 vs. 3–5 yrs | 1.97 (0.77, 5.07) | 1.71 (0.32, 9.06) | NA | NA |
Age: 12–17 vs. 3–5 yrs (vs. 6–11 yrs for waist circumference) | 1.77 (0.69, 4.49) | 2.24 (0.55, 9.02) | 1.27 (0.73, 2.21) | 1.43 (0.80, 2.58) |
Family income: Middle vs. low | 1.11 (0.62, 2.00) | 1.20 (0.44, 3.28) | 1.35 (0.70, 2.59) | 0.53 (0.23, 1.21) |
Family income: High vs. low | 0.68 (0.37, 1.26) | 0.65 (0.26, 1.61) | 1.08 (0.62, 1.88) | 0.47 (0.23, 0.99) |
Home language: more English or English/non-English equally vs. more non-English or non-English only | 2.61 (1.36, 4.97) | 0.83 (0.39, 1.78) | 2.50 (1.16, 5.36) | 1.83 (0.77, 4.33) |
Home language: English only vs. more non-English or non-English only | 3.28 (1.63, 6.60) | 0.78 (0.32, 1.93) | 3.04 (1.34, 6.90) | 1.52 (0.62, 3.74) |
Predictor | FMI ≥ 75th Percentile in Males (n = 272) | FMI ≥ 75th Percentile in Females (n = 255) | LBMI ≤ 25th Percentile (n = 529) |
---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | |||
Sex: male vs. female | NA | NA | 1.07 (0.77, 1.50) |
Age: 12–17 vs. 8–11 yrs | 0.55 (0.33, 0.90) | 1.32 (0.59, 2.97) | 0.86 (0.55, 1.35) |
Family income: middle vs. low | 1.70 (0.76, 3.84) | 1.31 (0.42, 4.07) | 1.45 (0.92, 2.28) |
Family income: high vs. low | 2.05 (1.01, 4.16) | 0.59 (0.18, 1.89) | 1.30 (0.74, 2.31) |
Home language: more English or English/non-English equally vs. more non-English or non-English only | 1.45 (0.80, 2.62) | 1.12 (0.50, 2.91) | 1.12 (0.68, 1.86) |
Home language: English only vs. more non-English or non-English only | 1.21 (0.69, 2.14) | 0.62 (0.27, 1.45) | 1.35 (0.85, 2.13) |
Age, yrs | Sex | Asian | White | Hispanic | Black | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Frozen Pizzas or Meals Eaten per Month, weighted mean (95% CI) | ||||||
2–17 | Both | 1.7 (1.4, 2.0) | 3.3 (3.0, 3.5) | 2.1 (1.8, 2.4) | 4.1 (3.5, 4.6) | 3.4 (2.9, 3.8) |
2–5 | Both | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 2.7 (2.3, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.4, 2.5) | 4.2 (3.3, 5.1) | 2.7 (2.1, 3.3) |
Male | 0.7 (0.4, 0.9) | 3.1 (2.5, 3.6) | 1.8 (1.1, 2.6) | 4.3 (3.3, 5.2) | 3.4 (2.4, 4.3) | |
Female | 1.0 (0.6, 1.4) | 2.3 (1.9, 2.7) | 2.1 (1.5, 2.7) | 4.1 (2.8, 5.4) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.6) | |
6–11 | Both | 2.0 (1.5, 2.6) | 3.1 (2.7, 3.5) | 2.1 (1.7, 2.5) | 3.6 (3.0, 4.1) | 3.3 (2.3, 4.2) |
Male | 2.2 (1.3, 3.1) | 3.4 (2.8, 4.0) | 2.4 (1.7, 3.1) | 3.7 (3.0, 4.4) | 4.1 (2.3, 6.0) | |
Female | 1.8 (1.0, 2.6) | 2.7 (2.2, 3.1) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.0) | 3.4 (2.8, 4.1) | 2.5 (1.5, 3.5) | |
12–17 | Both | 2.0 (1.5, 2.4) | 3.8 (3.4, 2.3) | 2.3 (1.9, 2.7) | 4.5 (3.7, 5.3) | 4.0 (2.9, 5.0) |
Male | 2.3 (1.6, 3.0) | 4.2 (3.6, 4.9) | 2.8 (2.0, 3.5) | 5.3 (4.1, 6.5) | 4.6 (2.9, 6.2) | |
Female | 1.6 (1.1, 2.1) | 3.4 (2.7, 4.0) | 1.8 (1.4, 2.2) | 3.7 (2.7, 4.6) | 3.4 (2.4, 4.3) | |
Daily PA, weighted % (95% CI) | ||||||
2–17 | Both | 40.0 (35.8, 44.2) | 43.7 (41.5, 45.9) | 43.1 (40.3, 45.8) | 46.2 (43.7, 48.8) | 43.2 (39.0, 47.4) |
2–5 | Both | 73.0 (66.1, 79.9) | 76.6 (72.7, 80.5) | 71.9 (68.0, 75.9) | 76.8 (72.8, 80.8) | 73.5 (64.9, 82.0) |
Male | 75.8 (67.5, 84.1) | 77.6 (73.1, 82.0) | 72.8 (67.5, 78.2) | 80.2 (75.7, 84.6) | 76.2 (65.3, 87.0) | |
Female | 69.8 (60.4, 79.2) | 75.6 (70.5, 80.7) | 71.0 (66.6, 75.4) | 73.4 (67.6, 79.3) | 70.7 (60.9, 80.6) | |
6–11 | Both | 55.3 (49.2, 61.5) | 59.4 (55.5, 63.2) | 57.4 (53.2, 61.6) | 64.3 (60.4, 68.1) | 51.9 (44.4, 59.5) |
Male | 59.8 (51.8, 67.9) | 64.3 (59.8, 68.8) | 60.7 (55.6, 65.9) | 65.6 (60.5, 70.7) | 53.3 (43.6, 63.1) | |
Female | 50.4 (42.1, 58.7) | 54.1 (49.1, 59.0) | 53.9 (49.0, 58.9) | 62.9 (58.5, 67.3) | 50.8 (41.5, 60.0) | |
12–17 | Both | 5.4 (3.3, 7.4) | 10.1 (8.1, 12.2) | 7.0 (5.3, 8.7) | 10.7 (8.2, 13.2) | 11.1 (5.8, 16.3) |
Male | 6.4 (3.5, 9.4) | 13.5 (10.2, 16.9) | 9.4 (6.3, 12.6) | 13.0 (9.6, 16.4) | 14.1 (6.2, 22.0) | |
Female | 4.3 (1.5, 7.1) | 6.8 (4.2, 9.4) | 4.4 (2.8, 6.0) | 8.2 (5.4, 11.0) | 7.7 (1.8, 13.5) | |
Grip Strength in kg, weighted mean (95% CI) | ||||||
6–17 | Both | 42.7 (38.6, 46.8) | 45.9 (42.7, 49.1) | 44.0 (41.4, 46.6) | 49.8 (45.9, 53.6) | 45.0 (34.8, 55.2) |
6–11 | Both | 26.6 (24.6, 28.5) | 30.0 (28.0, 31.9) | 29.1 (27.6, 30.6) | 32.9 (31.5, 34.4) | 29.4 (25.3, 33.6) |
Male | 27.0 (24.2, 29.8) | 30.2 (28.1, 32.3) | 29.5 (27.7, 31.3) | 33.3 (31.0, 35.6) | 30.8 (24.7, 36.9) | |
Female | 26.1 (23.1, 29.1) | 29.7 (26.4, 33.1) | 28.7 (26.2, 31.2) | 32.5 (30.5, 34.6) | 28.3 (23.3, 33.4) | |
12–17 | Both | 57.0 (52.4, 64.6) | 60.8 (57.5, 64.1) | 59.5 (55.1, 64.0) | 65.7 (62.0, 69.4) | 63.3 (54.3, 72.3) |
Male | 64.6 (57.3, 71.9) | 68.8 (62.6, 75.0) | 67.9 (62.7, 73.2) | 72.7 (67.2, 78.2) | 71.8 (63.2, 80.5) | |
Female | 49.2 (44.9, 53.5) | 53.6 (49.9, 57.3) | 50.1 (46.9, 53.2) | 57.7 (54.5, 60.9) | 54.1 (43.9, 64.3) |
Predictor | Frozen Pizzas or Meals Eaten, Meals/Month (n = 946) | Daily PA (n = 992) | Grip Strength, kg (n = 334) |
---|---|---|---|
Estimate (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | Estimate (95% CI) | |
Sex: male vs. female | 0.3 (0.1, 0.5) | 1.45 (1.09, 1.93) | 10.5 (9.2, 11.9) |
Age: 6–11 vs. 3–5 yrs | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | 0.43 (0.30, 0.61) | NA |
Age: 12–17 vs. 3–5 yrs (vs. 6–11 yrs for grip strength) | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.04) | 30.4 (29.1, 31.7) |
Family income: middle vs. low | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | 1.23 (0.75, 2.02) | −2.1 (−3.6, −0.6) |
Family income: high vs. low | −0.4 (−0.5, −0.2) | 1.38 (0.88, 2.17) | −0.5 (−2.5, 1.4) |
Home language: more English or English/non-English equally vs. more non-English or non-English only | 1.1 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.31 (0.81, 2.10) | 1.0 (−1.0, 3.0) |
Home language: English only vs. more non-English or non-English only | 1.4 (1.2, 1.6) | 1.07 (0.68, 1.71) | 1.1 (−0.2, 2.5) |
Intercept | 0.1 (−0.1, 0.2) | NA | 21.4 (19.3, 23.5) |
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Kwon, S.; Wang-Schweig, M.; Kandula, N.R. Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Convenience Food Consumption among Asian American Youth: 2011–2018 NHANES. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6187. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176187
Kwon S, Wang-Schweig M, Kandula NR. Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Convenience Food Consumption among Asian American Youth: 2011–2018 NHANES. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6187. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176187
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwon, Soyang, Meme Wang-Schweig, and Namratha R. Kandula. 2020. "Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Convenience Food Consumption among Asian American Youth: 2011–2018 NHANES" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6187. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176187