Factors Associated with Prenatal Smoking Cessation Interventions among Public Health Nurses in Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Subjects and Ethical Approval
2.3. Data Collection and Measures
2.3.1. Development of Prenatal Smoking Cessation Intervention Items
2.3.2. Motivational Factors
2.3.3. Ability Factors and Barriers
2.3.4. Predisposing Factors
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Respondents Included in the Analysis
3.2. Difference of Implementing the 5As by Predisposing Factors
3.3. The Relationships among Study Variables
3.4. Construction of the Prenatal Smoking Cessation Intervention Model
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model | X2/df | p | GFI | AGFI | NFI | CFI | RMSEA | AIC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prenatal smoking cessation intervention model | 13.372/9 | 0.146 | 0.993 | 0.977 | 0.991 | 0.997 | 0.031 | 51.372 |
Accepted reference value | ≤2.0 | ≥0.05 | ≥0.95 | ≥0.90 | ≥0.95 | ≥0.95 | ≤0.05 |
Characteristics | n | % | Mean (±SD) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Female | 511 | 98.1 | |
Male | 10 | 1.9 | |
Age (years) | 37.5 (±9.35) | ||
≤29 | 134 | 25.7 | |
30–39 | 165 | 31.7 | |
40–49 | 159 | 30.5 | |
≥50 | 63 | 12.1 | |
Experience years working as a PHN (years) | 12.4 (±9.48) | ||
≤5 | 176 | 33.8 | |
6–15 | 156 | 29.9 | |
16–25 | 131 | 25.1 | |
≥26 | 58 | 11.1 | |
Work position | |||
Staff | 311 | 59.7 | |
Assistant managerial level | 177 | 33.9 | |
Managerial level | 33 | 6.4 | |
Work region | |||
Hokkaido/Tohoku | 104 | 20.0 | |
Kanto/Koshinetsu | 134 | 25.7 | |
Tokai/Hokkiku | 107 | 20.5 | |
Kinki | 71 | 13.6 | |
Chugoku/Shikoku | 54 | 10.4 | |
Kyushu/Okinawa | 51 | 9.8 | |
PHNs’ smoking behavior | |||
No | 519 | 99.6 | |
Yes | 2 | 0.4 | |
Cohabitation’s smoking behavior | |||
No | 441 | 84.6 | |
Yes | 80 | 15.4 | |
Experience of smoking cessation intervention training in college | |||
No | 268 | 51.4 | |
Yes | 253 | 48.6 | |
Experience of smoking cessation intervention training after becoming a PHN | |||
No | 229 | 44.0 | |
Yes | 292 | 56.0 | |
Educational background | |||
Vocational college | 144 | 27.6 | |
Junior college | 79 | 15.2 | |
University (4 years) | 292 | 56.0 | |
Master program | 6 | 1.2 |
Items | 5As | Ask | Advise | Assess | Assist | Arrange |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD p | Mean ± SD p | Mean ± SD p | Mean ± SD p | Mean ± SD p | Mean ± SD p | |
Gender a | ||||||
Female | 99.2 ± 21.91 | 21.8 ± 3.28 | 46.6 ± 10.17 | 8.6 ± 4.31 | 12.9 ± 5.20 | 9.3 ± 4.31 |
Male | 98.0 ± 26.81 | 21.1 ± 1.60 | 99.2 ± 21.99 | 10.5 ± 3.87 | 13.9 ± 6.15 | 8.3 ± 5.31 |
Age b | ||||||
≤29 | 95.7 ± 21.95 * | 21.5 ± 3.34 | 44.0 ± 10.37 ** | 8.6 ± 4.43 | 12.1 ± 4.96 **,*** | 9.5 ± 4.14 |
30–39 | 96.9 ± 21.31 * | 21.7 ± 3.35 | 46.2 ± 9.91 ** | 8.2 ± 4.23 | 12.0 ± 4.86 *** | 8.8 ± 4.39 |
40–49 | 103.6 ± 21.1 * | 22.3 ± 2.81 | 48.6 ± 9.66 ** | 8.9 ± 4.30 | 14.3 ± 5.43 *** | 9.6 ± 4.39 |
≥50 | 101.3 ± 24.2 | 21.6 ± 3.80 | 47.9 ± 10.86 | 9.2 ± 4.16 | 13.7 ± 5.36 | 8.9 ± 4.40 |
Experience years working as a PHN | ||||||
≤5 | 95.8 ± 22.74 ** | 21.5 ± 3.59 | 44.7 ± 10.70 ** | 8.6 ± 4.47 | 11.7 ± 5.04 **,*** | 9.3 ± 4.26 |
6–15 | 97.4 ± 20.73 *,** | 21.6 ± 2.97 | 46.0 ± 9.75 *,** | 8.2 ± 4.20 | 12.6 ± 5.05 **,*** | 9.1 ± 4.23 |
16–25 | 104.4 ± 20.3 *,** | 22.4 ± 2.66 | 49.1 ± 9.02 *,** | 8.9 ± 4.23 | 14.5 ± 5.17 **,*** | 9.4 ± 4.52 |
≥26 | 102.6 ± 24.3 | 21.9 ± 4.00 | 48.4 ± 10.93 | 9.3 ± 4.21 | 14.2 ± 5.23 ** | 9.0 ± 4.48 |
Work position | ||||||
Staff | 97.2 ± 21.30 | 21.6 ± 3.22 | 45.4 ± 10.14 * | 8.5 ± 4.28 | 12.4 ± 4.97 * | 9.3 ± 4.20 |
Assistant managerial level | 101.6 ± 22.68 | 22.1 ± 3.27 | 48.1 ± 10.00 * | 8.7 ± 4.50 | 13.6 ± 5.61 * | 9.1 ± 4.60 |
Managerial level | 104.2 ± 23.05 | 22.2 ± 3.58 | 49.3 ± 10.65 | 9.4 ± 3.38 | 14.2 ± 4.87 | 9.2 ± 4.24 |
Work region | ||||||
Hokkaido/Tohoku | 99.3 ± 23.51 * | 21.8 ± 3.30 | 46.5 ± 11.22 ** | 8.3 ± 4.51 | 13.0 ± 5.24 * | 9.7 ± 4.16 |
Kanto/Koshinetsu | 99.3 ± 22.37 * | 21.4 ± 3.65 | 46.5 ± 10.58 ** | 9.2 ± 4.35 | 13.4 ± 5.14 * | 8.9 ± 4.25 |
Tokai/Hokkiku | 102.7 ± 20.31 * | 22.4 ± 3.00 | 48.1 ± 8.88 *,** | 9.0 ± 4.36 | 13.4 ± 5.35 *,** | 9.7 ± 4.21 |
Kinki | 103.3 ± 20.54 *,** | 21.9 ± 3.07 | 48.6 ± 9.36 *,**,*** | 8.7 ± 3.92 | 13.8 ± 4.92 *,** | 10.3 ± 3.71 * |
Chugoku/Shikoku | 87.9 ± 22.23 *,** | 21.7 ± 3.23 | 40.4 ± 10.08 *,**,*** | 7.6 ± 3.79 | 10.5 ± 5.14 *,** | 7.7 ± 4.71 * |
Kyushu/Okinawa | 97.5 ± 19.34 | 21.4 ± 2.79 | 47.3 ± 8.63 ** | 8.4 ± 4.58 | 12.3 ± 4.97 | 8.1 ± 4.90 |
PHNs or cohabitation’s smoking behavior | ||||||
No | 98.7 ± 22.03 | 21.8 ± 3.23 | 46.4 ± 10.28 | 8.6 ± 4.28 | 12.7 ± 5.23 * | 9.2 ± 4.33 |
Yes | 102.0 ± 21.61 | 21.7 ± 3.41 | 47.6 ± 9.78 | 9.0 ± 4.42 | 14.1 ± 5.00 * | 9.5 ± 4.35 |
Experience of smoking cessation training in college | ||||||
No | 98.2 ± 23.05 | 21.8 ± 3.41 | 46.1 ± 10.90 | 8.5 ± 4.45 | 12.9 ± 5.47 | 9.0 ± 4.40 |
Yes | 100.2 ± 20.78 | 21.8 ± 3.10 | 47.1 ± 9.41 | 8.8 ± 4.14 | 13.0 ± 4.94 | 9.5 ± 4.25 |
Experience of smoking cessation training after becoming a PHN | ||||||
No | 95.6 ± 21.37 ** | 21.7 ± 3.20 | 44.6 ± 9.86 *** | 8.3 ± 4.42 | 11.8 ± 5.16 *** | 9.0 ± 4.27 |
Yes | 102.0 ± 22.07 ** | 21.8 ± 3.31 | 48.1 ± 10.21 *** | 8.9 ± 4.20 | 13.8 ± 5.11 *** | 9.4 ± 4.38 |
Educational background | ||||||
Vocational college | 101.6 ± 22.38 | 22.0 ± 3.19 | 47.7 ± 10.34 | 8.8 ± 4.72 | 13.9 ± 5.37 * | 9.3 ± 4.46 |
Junior college | 99.2 ± 22.71 | 21.7 ± 3.37 | 46.5 ± 10.47 | 8.6 ± 3.89 | 13.2 ± 5.36 * | 9.2 ± 4.52 |
Above university | 98.0 ± 21.56 | 21.7 ± 3.27 | 46.0 ± 10.05 | 8.6 ± 4.21 | 12.4 ± 5.04 * | 9.2 ± 4.23 |
Items | 5As | SE | KTSND | PDS | RUC | Age | Experience Years |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5As | 0.621 ** | −0.113 * | 0.331 ** | 0.413 ** | 0.125 ** | 0.136 ** | |
SE | −0.109 * | 0.369 ** | 0.418 ** | 0.256 ** | 0.274 ** | ||
KTSND | −0.037 | 0.014 | −0.098 * | −0.136 ** | |||
PDS | 0.483 ** | 0.068 | 0.089 * | ||||
RUC | 0.043 | 0.071 | |||||
Age | 0.901 ** | ||||||
Experience years |
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Li, M.; Okamoto, R.; Tada, A.; Kiya, M. Factors Associated with Prenatal Smoking Cessation Interventions among Public Health Nurses in Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176135
Li M, Okamoto R, Tada A, Kiya M. Factors Associated with Prenatal Smoking Cessation Interventions among Public Health Nurses in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176135
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Meng, Reiko Okamoto, Aoki Tada, and Misaki Kiya. 2020. "Factors Associated with Prenatal Smoking Cessation Interventions among Public Health Nurses in Japan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176135