The Condition of Air Pollution in Kraków, Poland, in 2005–2020, with Health Risk Assessment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Concentration of Pollutants in the Ambient Air in Kraków
2.2. Air Quality Standards
2.3. Polish Air Quality Index
2.4. Enrichment Factors of PM with PHEs
2.5. Health Risk Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Pollutant Content and Air Quality Changes in 2005–2020
3.2. PM Enrichment Factors
3.3. Health Risk Assessment
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strengths of the Study
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PM2.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
Hour | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
01:00 | 80 | 73 | 52 | 184 | 149 | 118 | 109 | 77 | 95 | 93 | 93 | 37 | 8 | 58 | 46 | 52 | 14 | 18 | 15 | 33 | 65 | 62 | 119 | 105 | 85 | 56 | 85 | 24 | 52 | 64 | 37 |
02:00 | 87 | 86 | 54 | 185 | 156 | 119 | 100 | 73 | 101 | 98 | 96 | 48 | 5 | 62 | 51 | 46 | 11 | 14 | 15 | 29 | 63 | 57 | 123 | 110 | 87 | 58 | 84 | 28 | 52 | 61 | 33 |
03:00 | 100 | 83 | 57 | 182 | 159 | 130 | 102 | 74 | 102 | 93 | 94 | 37 | 5 | 57 | 54 | 44 | 11 | 16 | 16 | 32 | 71 | 52 | 127 | 115 | 91 | 58 | 83 | 23 | 42 | 56 | 35 |
04:00 | 109 | 91 | 60 | 184 | 146 | 131 | 95 | 74 | 90 | 90 | 92 | 26 | 5 | 56 | 48 | 48 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 31 | 81 | 45 | 122 | 111 | 98 | 58 | 81 | 26 | 47 | 42 | 32 |
05:00 | 112 | 93 | 70 | 179 | 142 | 122 | 103 | 74 | 87 | 93 | 92 | 20 | 5 | 53 | 32 | 45 | 10 | 13 | 15 | 31 | 86 | 41 | 112 | 110 | 101 | 67 | 77 | 26 | 37 | 42 | 32 |
06:00 | 111 | 94 | 78 | 161 | 124 | 119 | 100 | 77 | 98 | 92 | 89 | 20 | 8 | 58 | 29 | 41 | 10 | 14 | 15 | 36 | 90 | 41 | 103 | 109 | 97 | 68 | 72 | 35 | 34 | 45 | 29 |
07:00 | 117 | 90 | 87 | 160 | 144 | 106 | 85 | 79 | 100 | 93 | 83 | 19 | 12 | 59 | 27 | 38 | 13 | 14 | 18 | 40 | 59 | 37 | 97 | 104 | 94 | 70 | 75 | 40 | 34 | 46 | 28 |
08:00 | 144 | 98 | 88 | 151 | 154 | 96 | 93 | 74 | 90 | 96 | 86 | 26 | 19 | 58 | 24 | 38 | 17 | 16 | 18 | 36 | 18 | 32 | 90 | 94 | 91 | 76 | 83 | 42 | 37 | 38 | 28 |
09:00 | 113 | 117 | 75 | 137 | 145 | 95 | 104 | 63 | 42 | 101 | 69 | 31 | 14 | 44 | 22 | 37 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 31 | 14 | 27 | 76 | 89 | 79 | 68 | 83 | 42 | 49 | 27 | 33 |
10:00 | 68 | 98 | 69 | 105 | 146 | 90 | 115 | 42 | 31 | 69 | 51 | 29 | 11 | 25 | 19 | 44 | 16 | 18 | 21 | 31 | 14 | 19 | 51 | 72 | 54 | 53 | 56 | 44 | 32 | 13 | 25 |
11:00 | 46 | 89 | 59 | 70 | 141 | 73 | 97 | 29 | 23 | 45 | 30 | 27 | 10 | 24 | 17 | 40 | 15 | 16 | 21 | 31 | 14 | 17 | 35 | 63 | 44 | 38 | 40 | 37 | 24 | 11 | 31 |
12:00 | 50 | 80 | 57 | 68 | 102 | 58 | 59 | 18 | 19 | 34 | 20 | 18 | 8 | 25 | 18 | 38 | 17 | 14 | 22 | 37 | 14 | 18 | 40 | 56 | 43 | 29 | 33 | 28 | 15 | 10 | 30 |
13:00 | 52 | 77 | 55 | 54 | 92 | 57 | 26 | 14 | 14 | 22 | 17 | 10 | 8 | 28 | 19 | 39 | 17 | 15 | 24 | 38 | 11 | 15 | 38 | 34 | 35 | 23 | 31 | 28 | 17 | 11 | 31 |
14:00 | 61 | 82 | 55 | 53 | 73 | 62 | 24 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 8 | 8 | 19 | 18 | 37 | 16 | 21 | 24 | 39 | 11 | 18 | 37 | 27 | 30 | 21 | 34 | 26 | 19 | 12 | 23 |
15:00 | 66 | 75 | 51 | 53 | 67 | 57 | 27 | 10 | 13 | 15 | 13 | 7 | 10 | 16 | 20 | 38 | 19 | 24 | 25 | 37 | 12 | 16 | 37 | 18 | 30 | 20 | 25 | 29 | 26 | 10 | 14 |
16:00 | 68 | 61 | 47 | 57 | 59 | 56 | 35 | 14 | 12 | 18 | 12 | 6 | 11 | 22 | 19 | 33 | 16 | 16 | 25 | 27 | 12 | 15 | 38 | 17 | 33 | 26 | 20 | 29 | 26 | 9 | 6 |
17:00 | 66 | 53 | 42 | 56 | 66 | 53 | 43 | 21 | 12 | 24 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 26 | 23 | 32 | 19 | 20 | 25 | 31 | 13 | 17 | 41 | 20 | 29 | 31 | 22 | 31 | 29 | 14 | 7 |
18:00 | 58 | 53 | 51 | 66 | 79 | 45 | 46 | 25 | 18 | 27 | 13 | 7 | 15 | 30 | 26 | 11 | 18 | 19 | 28 | 25 | 14 | 19 | 40 | 22 | 31 | 40 | 25 | 41 | 32 | 20 | 7 |
19:00 | 61 | 52 | 67 | 86 | 69 | 43 | 54 | 36 | 32 | 36 | 18 | 10 | 17 | 30 | 36 | 14 | 19 | 17 | 33 | 29 | 20 | 25 | 51 | 31 | 27 | 44 | 27 | 40 | 40 | 23 | 9 |
20:00 | 75 | 49 | 108 | 90 | 73 | 45 | 56 | 44 | 54 | 52 | 26 | 13 | 27 | 33 | 41 | 15 | 17 | 19 | 35 | 42 | 25 | 50 | 63 | 42 | 28 | 52 | 28 | 53 | 49 | 32 | 11 |
21:00 | 75 | 57 | 126 | 106 | 77 | 61 | 61 | 68 | 68 | 65 | 29 | 15 | 33 | 34 | 39 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 34 | 53 | 39 | 53 | 87 | 58 | 38 | 66 | 26 | 43 | 70 | 45 | 18 |
22:00 | 75 | 56 | 158 | 118 | 95 | 81 | 66 | 87 | 79 | 70 | 36 | 13 | 48 | 39 | 35 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 34 | 60 | 54 | 85 | 91 | 59 | 39 | 79 | 26 | 42 | 75 | 42 | 27 |
23:00 | 73 | 58 | 174 | 121 | 103 | 102 | 66 | 82 | 86 | 77 | 38 | 14 | 54 | 49 | 39 | 15 | 18 | 17 | 31 | 62 | 66 | 106 | 96 | 65 | 47 | 83 | 22 | 54 | 75 | 36 | 34 |
24:00 | 71 | 57 | 185 | 138 | 105 | 108 | 66 | 91 | 101 | 90 | 33 | 15 | 57 | 51 | 37 | 13 | 18 | 17 | 31 | 63 | 69 | 104 | 97 | 75 | 52 | 87 | 20 | 56 | 68 | 38 | 28 |
PM10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
Hour | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
01:00 | 79 | 94 | 74 | 213 | 188 | 133 | 125 | 83 | 118 | 125 | 147 | 48 | 18 | 70 | 57 | 60 | 17 | 31 | 24 | 41 | 81 | 85 | 148 | 130 | 109 | 73 | 110 | 32 | 64 | 71 | 46 |
02:00 | 88 | 100 | 73 | 215 | 182 | 127 | 120 | 82 | 116 | 126 | 137 | 58 | 16 | 72 | 58 | 52 | 15 | 28 | 24 | 41 | 83 | 75 | 145 | 124 | 109 | 73 | 109 | 29 | 66 | 65 | 38 |
03:00 | 110 | 103 | 76 | 213 | 181 | 135 | 121 | 81 | 112 | 120 | 125 | 42 | 8 | 68 | 59 | 48 | 15 | 27 | 23 | 38 | 89 | 66 | 147 | 125 | 108 | 74 | 107 | 30 | 58 | 62 | 39 |
04:00 | 119 | 108 | 76 | 216 | 169 | 136 | 110 | 77 | 100 | 112 | 115 | 32 | 12 | 70 | 52 | 52 | 16 | 25 | 24 | 36 | 99 | 61 | 141 | 124 | 114 | 76 | 98 | 33 | 58 | 53 | 38 |
05:00 | 121 | 109 | 89 | 213 | 164 | 128 | 112 | 75 | 94 | 112 | 110 | 28 | 9 | 67 | 42 | 52 | 15 | 23 | 22 | 41 | 104 | 58 | 139 | 129 | 119 | 87 | 95 | 36 | 52 | 51 | 36 |
06:00 | 130 | 110 | 93 | 198 | 157 | 122 | 113 | 81 | 100 | 113 | 110 | 24 | 13 | 66 | 38 | 48 | 15 | 23 | 21 | 46 | 91 | 60 | 129 | 126 | 119 | 92 | 90 | 45 | 48 | 56 | 35 |
07:00 | 146 | 115 | 103 | 195 | 172 | 118 | 100 | 84 | 95 | 115 | 104 | 28 | 19 | 75 | 34 | 46 | 19 | 28 | 22 | 55 | 46 | 68 | 129 | 139 | 115 | 100 | 99 | 53 | 52 | 62 | 35 |
08:00 | 170 | 116 | 106 | 184 | 178 | 116 | 112 | 84 | 88 | 118 | 101 | 38 | 31 | 70 | 30 | 46 | 20 | 30 | 23 | 49 | 17 | 69 | 123 | 127 | 111 | 116 | 107 | 59 | 55 | 51 | 41 |
09:00 | 143 | 130 | 102 | 161 | 177 | 123 | 130 | 70 | 43 | 121 | 86 | 68 | 30 | 71 | 27 | 45 | 21 | 31 | 27 | 40 | 19 | 67 | 130 | 121 | 96 | 109 | 104 | 60 | 65 | 46 | 43 |
10:00 | 86 | 118 | 90 | 128 | 207 | 126 | 140 | 54 | 32 | 117 | 74 | 71 | 30 | 39 | 25 | 49 | 20 | 36 | 29 | 42 | 29 | 52 | 82 | 99 | 73 | 98 | 79 | 67 | 47 | 34 | 31 |
11:00 | 56 | 120 | 83 | 98 | 214 | 106 | 129 | 48 | 26 | 72 | 50 | 71 | 33 | 35 | 27 | 51 | 21 | 35 | 26 | 42 | 37 | 35 | 58 | 78 | 59 | 60 | 45 | 59 | 34 | 26 | 41 |
12:00 | 64 | 112 | 79 | 102 | 171 | 80 | 105 | 35 | 38 | 61 | 36 | 51 | 25 | 35 | 34 | 51 | 22 | 33 | 31 | 56 | 35 | 33 | 58 | 69 | 56 | 52 | 43 | 52 | 19 | 25 | 36 |
13:00 | 84 | 112 | 74 | 85 | 143 | 81 | 57 | 31 | 35 | 44 | 30 | 40 | 27 | 34 | 40 | 50 | 23 | 33 | 31 | 63 | 28 | 33 | 59 | 48 | 52 | 45 | 41 | 47 | 24 | 20 | 42 |
14:00 | 94 | 119 | 77 | 83 | 121 | 82 | 49 | 27 | 32 | 34 | 29 | 42 | 27 | 26 | 37 | 43 | 24 | 39 | 30 | 49 | 25 | 30 | 58 | 40 | 45 | 39 | 42 | 43 | 26 | 20 | 40 |
15:00 | 101 | 106 | 69 | 81 | 110 | 72 | 49 | 26 | 32 | 36 | 23 | 29 | 27 | 20 | 38 | 44 | 27 | 36 | 31 | 55 | 29 | 32 | 59 | 33 | 43 | 36 | 33 | 48 | 38 | 21 | 33 |
16:00 | 101 | 93 | 68 | 84 | 98 | 70 | 53 | 30 | 28 | 42 | 25 | 34 | 34 | 29 | 37 | 40 | 26 | 30 | 39 | 36 | 25 | 29 | 62 | 29 | 46 | 44 | 26 | 48 | 48 | 25 | 24 |
17:00 | 95 | 84 | 59 | 88 | 108 | 71 | 59 | 34 | 29 | 48 | 24 | 27 | 32 | 33 | 38 | 36 | 25 | 33 | 37 | 39 | 33 | 31 | 61 | 31 | 49 | 54 | 29 | 50 | 55 | 29 | 25 |
18:00 | 101 | 82 | 84 | 109 | 123 | 54 | 65 | 43 | 38 | 55 | 36 | 20 | 39 | 36 | 47 | 17 | 24 | 29 | 37 | 35 | 30 | 48 | 64 | 36 | 61 | 64 | 42 | 60 | 64 | 32 | 19 |
19:00 | 107 | 81 | 108 | 135 | 108 | 55 | 73 | 57 | 62 | 69 | 44 | 27 | 39 | 37 | 60 | 16 | 23 | 28 | 43 | 35 | 41 | 93 | 81 | 49 | 51 | 72 | 52 | 62 | 78 | 35 | 18 |
20:00 | 112 | 70 | 143 | 152 | 113 | 63 | 77 | 66 | 98 | 92 | 73 | 27 | 51 | 41 | 57 | 18 | 22 | 29 | 48 | 47 | 56 | 148 | 101 | 59 | 43 | 83 | 46 | 62 | 94 | 39 | 18 |
21:00 | 104 | 77 | 173 | 168 | 118 | 77 | 78 | 101 | 116 | 137 | 91 | 32 | 60 | 41 | 58 | 19 | 28 | 31 | 48 | 60 | 78 | 151 | 116 | 71 | 55 | 90 | 38 | 56 | 101 | 49 | 32 |
22:00 | 93 | 71 | 199 | 165 | 136 | 95 | 74 | 115 | 117 | 142 | 83 | 32 | 77 | 43 | 46 | 21 | 23 | 26 | 51 | 68 | 87 | 163 | 123 | 85 | 66 | 105 | 33 | 55 | 105 | 51 | 30 |
23:00 | 97 | 75 | 199 | 175 | 133 | 109 | 75 | 118 | 135 | 136 | 65 | 37 | 81 | 50 | 46 | 21 | 26 | 28 | 47 | 74 | 93 | 156 | 132 | 89 | 62 | 100 | 28 | 65 | 91 | 50 | 36 |
24:00 | 98 | 77 | 204 | 186 | 131 | 116 | 76 | 118 | 139 | 145 | 54 | 30 | 79 | 53 | 51 | 16 | 33 | 30 | 41 | 76 | 90 | 149 | 138 | 103 | 68 | 122 | 28 | 64 | 76 | 48 | 35 |
C6H6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
Hour | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
01:00 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 3.2 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 9.1 | 10.3 | 5.1 | 8.8 | 10.2 | 9.6 | 5.7 | 0.7 | 4.4 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 11.2 | 8.2 | 5.5 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 1.1 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 4.7 |
02:00 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 3.2 | 14.9 | 11.7 | 10.0 | 10.3 | 5.1 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 9.3 | 4.1 | 0.5 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 11.8 | 8.0 | 5.7 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 1.1 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
03:00 | 7.4 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 12.3 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 9.4 | 4.8 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 12.3 | 8.3 | 5.8 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 1.1 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 5.8 |
04:00 | 8.2 | 6.7 | 3.4 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 4.9 | 9.1 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 3.2 | 11.8 | 8.4 | 6.4 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 5.3 |
05:00 | 8.1 | 6.7 | 3.6 | 11.3 | 11.5 | 10.1 | 11.6 | 5.2 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 5.4 | 2.9 | 10.6 | 9.1 | 7.4 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 5.0 |
06:00 | 8.0 | 6.9 | 3.9 | 10.4 | 9.6 | 9.2 | 12.4 | 5.3 | 8.3 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 4.8 | 2.9 | 10.2 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 4.1 | 3.5 |
07:00 | 9.5 | 6.5 | 4.6 | 9.6 | 10.2 | 8.6 | 11.7 | 6.6 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 8.4 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 3.9 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 9.3 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 3.3 | 1.7 | 3.9 | 4.4 |
08:00 | 11.6 | 6.5 | 5.1 | 9.2 | 12.1 | 7.6 | 12.7 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 9.5 | 7.9 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 8.2 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 6.2 |
09:00 | 8.6 | 7.3 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 18.9 | 8.0 | 12.9 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 8.6 | 5.2 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 3.9 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 5.7 | 7.7 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 2.1 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 4.0 |
10:00 | 4.5 | 5.8 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 12.4 | 7.5 | 11.3 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 5.6 | 3.7 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 3.7 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 3.2 |
11:00 | 3.2 | 4.9 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 9.9 | 5.3 | 8.0 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 3.0 |
12:00 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 7.9 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 4.0 |
13:00 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 8.0 | 4.2 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 2.1 |
14:00 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 7.8 | 4.5 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.9 |
15:00 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
16:00 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 9.2 | 4.4 | 8.2 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
17:00 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 9.1 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 5.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
18:00 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 7.8 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 3.9 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 1.6 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
19:00 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 6.9 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 4.5 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 2.0 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 1.4 |
20:00 | 4.7 | 3.4 | 7.4 | 5.9 | 7.4 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 3.3 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 4.7 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 2.3 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 4.6 | 2.9 | 2.5 |
21:00 | 5.7 | 3.5 | 10.3 | 10.6 | 7.2 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 6.9 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 6.5 | 3.3 | 2.5 |
22:00 | 5.6 | 3.5 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 5.5 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 4.3 | 1.3 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 9.4 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 3.2 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 6.9 | 3.4 | 3.1 |
23:00 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 13.2 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 9.2 | 5.1 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 3.7 | 1.3 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 11.3 | 6.9 | 4.4 | 3.4 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 6.1 | 4.7 | 3.7 |
24:00 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 14.1 | 9.8 | 8.8 | 9.9 | 5.1 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 9.7 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 4.4 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 11.5 | 7.1 | 5.1 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 1.1 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 3.0 |
NO2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
Hour | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
01:00 | 44 | 30 | 27 | 80 | 80 | 82 | 59 | 57 | 61 | 67 | 59 | 26 | 22 | 55 | 36 | 29 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 16 | 41 | 44 | 70 | 63 | 71 | 51 | 49 | 23 | 32 | 46 | 31 |
02:00 | 54 | 32 | 29 | 75 | 72 | 75 | 62 | 53 | 53 | 64 | 55 | 26 | 24 | 49 | 36 | 26 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 16 | 42 | 36 | 60 | 55 | 63 | 53 | 43 | 22 | 34 | 45 | 23 |
03:00 | 58 | 30 | 30 | 70 | 62 | 74 | 59 | 47 | 44 | 55 | 52 | 21 | 18 | 44 | 35 | 24 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 15 | 41 | 36 | 53 | 53 | 56 | 49 | 41 | 27 | 28 | 47 | 29 |
04:00 | 56 | 32 | 27 | 64 | 56 | 72 | 56 | 43 | 40 | 49 | 45 | 18 | 25 | 42 | 33 | 25 | 9 | 8 | 12 | 19 | 46 | 38 | 51 | 46 | 54 | 51 | 41 | 34 | 33 | 41 | 29 |
05:00 | 55 | 34 | 46 | 62 | 61 | 72 | 61 | 40 | 42 | 46 | 37 | 18 | 32 | 45 | 27 | 25 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 20 | 49 | 44 | 47 | 45 | 50 | 57 | 51 | 51 | 35 | 47 | 33 |
06:00 | 60 | 40 | 57 | 60 | 66 | 74 | 63 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 36 | 36 | 49 | 48 | 26 | 28 | 10 | 7 | 18 | 38 | 56 | 58 | 53 | 58 | 49 | 64 | 65 | 61 | 55 | 58 | 35 |
07:00 | 71 | 50 | 67 | 58 | 83 | 81 | 67 | 63 | 56 | 47 | 36 | 52 | 72 | 58 | 36 | 30 | 13 | 9 | 28 | 47 | 52 | 70 | 63 | 63 | 46 | 64 | 73 | 65 | 67 | 61 | 37 |
08:00 | 79 | 53 | 64 | 56 | 93 | 76 | 71 | 76 | 64 | 56 | 40 | 66 | 73 | 63 | 31 | 31 | 16 | 10 | 30 | 44 | 42 | 68 | 68 | 55 | 51 | 74 | 65 | 58 | 72 | 56 | 38 |
09:00 | 69 | 52 | 58 | 55 | 104 | 62 | 79 | 73 | 71 | 64 | 45 | 70 | 51 | 64 | 26 | 31 | 20 | 11 | 31 | 49 | 33 | 58 | 74 | 51 | 46 | 78 | 59 | 53 | 80 | 45 | 41 |
10:00 | 46 | 43 | 42 | 51 | 104 | 55 | 86 | 57 | 58 | 55 | 36 | 53 | 37 | 49 | 34 | 32 | 22 | 11 | 35 | 43 | 27 | 43 | 63 | 51 | 34 | 70 | 50 | 45 | 67 | 34 | 30 |
11:00 | 31 | 38 | 35 | 38 | 85 | 52 | 83 | 37 | 43 | 43 | 37 | 50 | 31 | 41 | 31 | 34 | 21 | 13 | 32 | 38 | 26 | 28 | 41 | 42 | 29 | 49 | 47 | 36 | 56 | 27 | 32 |
12:00 | 32 | 37 | 35 | 38 | 75 | 52 | 64 | 32 | 28 | 42 | 28 | 42 | 26 | 41 | 32 | 35 | 23 | 12 | 32 | 47 | 26 | 28 | 41 | 42 | 31 | 45 | 48 | 31 | 36 | 27 | 32 |
13:00 | 33 | 39 | 34 | 35 | 71 | 53 | 38 | 30 | 27 | 38 | 27 | 22 | 26 | 43 | 38 | 41 | 21 | 14 | 33 | 46 | 27 | 31 | 39 | 36 | 30 | 48 | 49 | 31 | 35 | 26 | 32 |
14:00 | 37 | 46 | 36 | 31 | 66 | 60 | 36 | 32 | 27 | 33 | 29 | 25 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 43 | 22 | 14 | 32 | 46 | 26 | 33 | 43 | 34 | 28 | 48 | 42 | 34 | 37 | 27 | 29 |
15:00 | 46 | 48 | 33 | 36 | 67 | 74 | 40 | 35 | 28 | 36 | 27 | 31 | 34 | 34 | 31 | 48 | 19 | 18 | 36 | 42 | 32 | 36 | 46 | 30 | 32 | 43 | 38 | 39 | 38 | 31 | 29 |
16:00 | 45 | 45 | 37 | 43 | 68 | 80 | 49 | 39 | 35 | 44 | 32 | 41 | 42 | 46 | 32 | 53 | 20 | 17 | 39 | 43 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 29 | 33 | 48 | 38 | 36 | 45 | 34 | 26 |
17:00 | 45 | 43 | 34 | 47 | 79 | 74 | 50 | 48 | 36 | 50 | 29 | 40 | 47 | 47 | 36 | 54 | 19 | 17 | 37 | 53 | 38 | 44 | 45 | 32 | 42 | 62 | 40 | 38 | 52 | 34 | 31 |
18:00 | 49 | 47 | 54 | 57 | 104 | 75 | 61 | 56 | 57 | 49 | 43 | 42 | 52 | 46 | 40 | 33 | 21 | 18 | 42 | 58 | 40 | 74 | 51 | 38 | 57 | 67 | 47 | 48 | 66 | 39 | 47 |
19:00 | 52 | 45 | 88 | 75 | 83 | 77 | 69 | 69 | 79 | 66 | 57 | 40 | 55 | 49 | 45 | 27 | 19 | 18 | 36 | 70 | 53 | 96 | 55 | 44 | 68 | 70 | 51 | 45 | 74 | 40 | 41 |
20:00 | 53 | 35 | 110 | 77 | 83 | 79 | 69 | 73 | 100 | 81 | 85 | 44 | 62 | 50 | 47 | 24 | 20 | 20 | 35 | 81 | 65 | 113 | 60 | 48 | 66 | 71 | 39 | 42 | 78 | 62 | 36 |
21:00 | 48 | 33 | 111 | 77 | 95 | 86 | 66 | 87 | 94 | 90 | 81 | 48 | 65 | 48 | 41 | 21 | 17 | 21 | 31 | 68 | 85 | 116 | 72 | 52 | 75 | 66 | 32 | 34 | 73 | 70 | 31 |
22:00 | 47 | 33 | 98 | 84 | 105 | 77 | 64 | 88 | 93 | 84 | 75 | 39 | 71 | 47 | 30 | 21 | 16 | 16 | 30 | 57 | 84 | 99 | 77 | 60 | 62 | 61 | 26 | 36 | 71 | 67 | 40 |
23:00 | 44 | 33 | 87 | 81 | 98 | 62 | 61 | 82 | 83 | 76 | 56 | 46 | 70 | 45 | 28 | 22 | 13 | 15 | 25 | 61 | 72 | 86 | 74 | 59 | 59 | 53 | 22 | 42 | 61 | 49 | 45 |
24:00 | 36 | 31 | 82 | 84 | 91 | 58 | 58 | 69 | 81 | 70 | 35 | 45 | 61 | 41 | 28 | 17 | 12 | 13 | 20 | 49 | 60 | 75 | 68 | 70 | 57 | 49 | 22 | 35 | 46 | 36 | 40 |
O3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
Hour | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
01:00 | 14 | 44 | 75 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 56 | 66 | 4 | 6 | 20 | 67 | 80 | 86 | 70 | 42 | 21 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 35 | 35 | 3 | 38 |
02:00 | 4 | 43 | 75 | 4 | 19 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 49 | 68 | 5 | 5 | 18 | 71 | 83 | 85 | 71 | 32 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 12 | 31 | 36 | 3 | 39 |
03:00 | 3 | 41 | 69 | 5 | 40 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 48 | 69 | 3 | 6 | 16 | 74 | 84 | 86 | 71 | 30 | 23 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 21 | 36 | 14 | 37 |
04:00 | 3 | 39 | 67 | 6 | 42 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 51 | 62 | 3 | 5 | 13 | 73 | 82 | 84 | 59 | 18 | 21 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 15 | 21 | 30 | 23 | 37 |
05:00 | 4 | 37 | 8 | 3 | 37 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 65 | 43 | 3 | 21 | 15 | 66 | 80 | 85 | 57 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 24 | 11 | 25 | 6 | 37 |
06:00 | 3 | 34 | 3 | 4 | 33 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 63 | 44 | 3 | 27 | 9 | 72 | 79 | 82 | 44 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 34 |
07:00 | 4 | 28 | 4 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 51 | 6 | 3 | 20 | 8 | 72 | 79 | 78 | 37 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 32 |
08:00 | 5 | 27 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 50 | 15 | 3 | 16 | 9 | 70 | 79 | 72 | 31 | 43 | 19 | 11 | 27 | 11 | 5 | 2 | 23 | 6 | 15 | 34 |
09:00 | 9 | 29 | 26 | 32 | 8 | 11 | 3 | 10 | 9 | 5 | 23 | 40 | 33 | 8 | 18 | 10 | 69 | 77 | 75 | 38 | 66 | 53 | 17 | 61 | 38 | 16 | 6 | 25 | 3 | 46 | 27 |
10:00 | 34 | 43 | 62 | 52 | 16 | 30 | 5 | 30 | 28 | 15 | 35 | 52 | 50 | 27 | 21 | 14 | 70 | 78 | 78 | 59 | 77 | 75 | 37 | 77 | 62 | 27 | 7 | 29 | 32 | 70 | 28 |
11:00 | 57 | 59 | 73 | 63 | 37 | 46 | 27 | 53 | 60 | 32 | 54 | 61 | 61 | 30 | 38 | 16 | 69 | 79 | 80 | 64 | 82 | 78 | 63 | 79 | 74 | 61 | 10 | 61 | 47 | 78 | 27 |
12:00 | 64 | 72 | 77 | 71 | 54 | 59 | 60 | 66 | 71 | 49 | 76 | 63 | 69 | 31 | 53 | 17 | 71 | 82 | 81 | 65 | 83 | 78 | 64 | 83 | 83 | 80 | 13 | 67 | 61 | 88 | 32 |
13:00 | 73 | 81 | 86 | 86 | 74 | 61 | 68 | 69 | 77 | 64 | 84 | 77 | 71 | 21 | 50 | 18 | 72 | 82 | 84 | 62 | 84 | 80 | 65 | 95 | 99 | 75 | 20 | 70 | 58 | 91 | 41 |
14:00 | 77 | 87 | 88 | 90 | 92 | 58 | 71 | 67 | 81 | 78 | 89 | 76 | 73 | 14 | 43 | 18 | 77 | 85 | 84 | 56 | 82 | 86 | 66 | 93 | 104 | 75 | 32 | 74 | 31 | 91 | 56 |
15:00 | 65 | 91 | 96 | 96 | 93 | 54 | 65 | 65 | 81 | 79 | 91 | 77 | 67 | 13 | 41 | 20 | 78 | 83 | 84 | 67 | 78 | 83 | 59 | 95 | 107 | 77 | 33 | 77 | 37 | 93 | 75 |
16:00 | 66 | 90 | 96 | 95 | 91 | 45 | 50 | 59 | 76 | 80 | 91 | 71 | 59 | 13 | 39 | 21 | 77 | 86 | 84 | 66 | 78 | 78 | 56 | 98 | 107 | 69 | 38 | 76 | 40 | 94 | 78 |
17:00 | 64 | 89 | 96 | 98 | 64 | 30 | 47 | 52 | 68 | 71 | 86 | 64 | 55 | 7 | 32 | 10 | 80 | 85 | 83 | 55 | 75 | 73 | 62 | 96 | 98 | 57 | 36 | 74 | 34 | 87 | 74 |
18:00 | 62 | 84 | 85 | 79 | 21 | 15 | 25 | 35 | 43 | 69 | 72 | 60 | 44 | 7 | 22 | 12 | 80 | 84 | 80 | 59 | 67 | 48 | 59 | 93 | 70 | 44 | 39 | 67 | 16 | 79 | 59 |
19:00 | 53 | 81 | 47 | 70 | 46 | 11 | 13 | 18 | 10 | 49 | 68 | 55 | 37 | 8 | 8 | 21 | 76 | 84 | 79 | 46 | 46 | 8 | 44 | 83 | 60 | 35 | 26 | 57 | 4 | 74 | 59 |
20:00 | 46 | 86 | 5 | 68 | 46 | 5 | 22 | 11 | 4 | 13 | 30 | 57 | 19 | 5 | 6 | 31 | 77 | 85 | 80 | 28 | 32 | 6 | 34 | 66 | 30 | 28 | 28 | 55 | 4 | 51 | 59 |
21:00 | 46 | 80 | 5 | 58 | 41 | 2 | 24 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 18 | 58 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 42 | 81 | 84 | 79 | 23 | 12 | 5 | 10 | 66 | 7 | 26 | 43 | 55 | 3 | 5 | 51 |
22:00 | 43 | 78 | 4 | 27 | 6 | 3 | 12 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 42 | 60 | 4 | 6 | 20 | 52 | 84 | 84 | 79 | 31 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 61 | 14 | 25 | 48 | 52 | 3 | 4 | 39 |
23:00 | 40 | 77 | 5 | 35 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 65 | 44 | 3 | 7 | 17 | 55 | 82 | 84 | 81 | 25 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 58 | 15 | 11 | 51 | 47 | 3 | 17 | 10 |
24:00 | 41 | 78 | 5 | 15 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 68 | 54 | 3 | 8 | 21 | 62 | 79 | 84 | 76 | 26 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 19 | 3 | 19 | 55 | 39 | 3 | 30 | 20 |
Element | Igeo | CF | EF (mean) | ERI | mHQ | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Class | Value | Class | Value | Class | Value | Class | Value | Class | |
As | 5.6 | 6 | 3.06 | considerable | 2.63 | minor | 30.6 | low | 1.90 | moderate severity |
As (PM10) | 2.1 | 3 | 0.27 | low | 0.23 | no | 2.7 | low | 0.17 | nil to very low |
Ba | 15.5 | 6 | 0.18 | low | 0.15 | no | - | - | - | - |
Be | −0.4 | 0 | 0.26 | low | 0.22 | no | - | - | - | - |
Cd | −3.8 | 0 | 13.3 | very high | 11.44 | severe | 400 | very high | 1.24 | low severity |
Cd (PM10) | −4.6 | 0 | 7.56 | very high | 6.49 | moderately severe | 227 | high | 0.70 | very low |
Co | 4.8 | 5 | 0.14 | low | 0.12 | no | 0.7 | low | - | - |
Cr | 12.4 | 6 | 0.98 | low | 0.84 | no | 2.0 | low | 2.12 | considerable severity |
Cu | 10.4 | 6 | 2.66 | moderate | 2.28 | minor | 13.3 | low | 1.57 | moderate severity |
Li | 8.2 | 6 | 1.00 | moderate | 0.86 | no | - | - | - | - |
Mn | 18.3 | 6 | 0.81 | low | 0.69 | no | - | - | - | - |
Ni | 9.6 | 6 | 0.52 | low | 0.45 | no | 2.6 | low | 1.18 | low severity |
Ni (PM10) | 5.7 | 6 | 0.04 | low | 0.03 | no | 0.2 | low | 0.08 | nil to very low |
Pb | 9.9 | 6 | 5.03 | considerable | 4.32 | moderate | 25.1 | low | 1.86 | moderate severity |
Pb (PM10) | −1.3 | 0 | 0.002 | low | 0.002 | no | 0.01 | low | 0.001 | nil to very low |
Sn | 4.1 | 5 | 5.95 | considerable | 5.11 | moderately severe | - | - | - | - |
Sr | 14.9 | 6 | 0.44 | low | 0.38 | no | - | - | - | - |
Ti | 19.6 | 6 | 0.04 | low | 0.03 | no | - | - | - | - |
Tl | −2.7 | 0 | 0.29 | low | 0.25 | no | 2.9 | low | - | - |
V | 10.9 | 6 | 0.31 | low | 0.27 | no | - | - | - | - |
Zn | 18.0 | 6 | 86.87 | very high | 74.56 | extremely severe | 86.9 | considerable | 36.45 | extreme severity |
Pollutant | Inhalation | Ingestion | Dermal contact | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HQ | CR | HQ | CR | HQ | CR | |||||||
Adult | Child | Adult | Child | Adult | Child | Adult | Child | Adult | Child | Adult | Child | |
Ambient Air | ||||||||||||
NO2 | 1.13 × 100 | 2.64 × 100 | na | na | – | – | ||||||
Benzen | 1.02 × 10−1 | 1.02 × 10−1 | 8.21 × 10−12 | 2.05 × 10−12 | ||||||||
PM2.5 | 7.23 × 100 | 7.23 × 100 | na | na | ||||||||
PM10 | 1.42 × 100 | 3.32 × 100 | na | na | ||||||||
Pb (PM10) | 2.90 × 10−3 | 6.76 × 10−3 | 2.67 × 10−5 | 8.52 × 10−8 | ||||||||
As (PM10) | 8.31 × 10−2 | 8.31 × 10−2 | 1.84 × 10−12 | 4.59 × 10−13 | ||||||||
Cd (PM10) | 6.52 × 10−2 | 6.52 × 10−2 | 4.02 × 10−13 | 1.01 × 10−13 | ||||||||
Ni (PM10) | 1.77 × 10−2 | 1.77 × 10−2 | 1.42 × 10−16 | 3.55 × 10−17 | ||||||||
BaP (PM10) | 2.83 × 100 | 2.83 × 100 | 1.16 × 10−12 | 2.91 × 10−13 | ||||||||
BaA (PM10) | na | na | 1.15 × 10−13 | 2.88 × 10−14 | ||||||||
BbF (PM10) | na | na | 6.65 × 10−14 | 1.66 × 10−14 | ||||||||
BjF (PM10) | na | na | 1.06 × 10−13 | 2.66 × 10−14 | ||||||||
BkF (PM10) | na | na | 5.31 × 10−15 | 1.33 × 10−15 | ||||||||
DBahA (PM10) | na | na | 1.72 × 10−13 | 4.29 × 10−14 | ||||||||
Deposited PM | ||||||||||||
Al | 2.15 × 10−2 | 2.15 × 10−2 | na | na | 8.70 × 10−3 | 8.12 × 10−2 | na | na | 3.67 × 10−2 | 1.93 × 10−1 | na | na |
As | 1.65 × 10−2 | 1.65 × 10−2 | 1.88 × 10−18 | 4.52 × 10−19 | 3.96 × 10−2 | 3.51 × 10−1 | 6.11 × 10−6 | 1.35 × 10−5 | 8.47 × 10−3 | 4.44 × 10−2 | 1.31 × 10−6 | 1.71 × 10−6 |
Ba | 3.77 × 10−3 | 3.77 × 10−3 | na | na | 7.42 × 10−4 | 6.29 × 10−3 | na | na | 3.22 × 10−3 | 1.69 × 10−2 | na | na |
Be | 4.57 × 10−4 | 4.57 × 10−4 | 2.56 × 10−21 | 6.13 × 10−22 | 3.55 × 10−4 | 2.88 × 10−3 | na | na | 1.56 × 10−3 | 8.19 × 10−3 | na | na |
Cd | 1.95 × 10−3 | 1.95 × 10−3 | 1.16 × 10−20 | 2.78 × 10−21 | 1.49 × 10−3 | 1.16 × 10−2 | na | na | 6.65 × 10−6 | 3.49 × 10−5 | na | na |
Co | 6.63 × 10−3 | 6.63 × 10−3 | 4.85 × 10−20 | 1.16 × 10−20 | 1.00 × 10−2 | 7.51 × 10−2 | na | na | 4.53 × 10−2 | 2.38 × 10−1 | na | na |
Cr(III) | 1.21 × 10−8 | 2.82 × 10−8 | na | na | 7.57 × 10−5 | 5.48 × 10−4 | na | na | 3.47 × 10−4 | 1.82 × 10−3 | na | na |
Cr(VI) | 1.52 × 10−2 | 1.52 × 10−2 | 7.11 × 10−17 | 1.70 × 10−17 | 3.74 × 10−2 | 2.62 × 10−1 | 1.92 × 10−5 | 3.36 × 10−5 | 1.74 × 10−1 | 9.10 × 10−1 | 8.92 × 10−5 | 1.17 × 10−4 |
Cu | 6.27 × 10−7 | 1.46 × 10−6 | na | na | 3.83 × 10−3 | 2.60 × 10−2 | na | na | 1.80 × 10−2 | 9.44 × 10−2 | na | na |
Fe | 1.16 × 10−5 | 2.72 × 10−5 | na | na | 7.01 × 10−2 | 4.62 × 10−1 | na | na | 3.34 × 10−1 | 1.75 × 100 | na | na |
Li | 2.13 × 10−6 | 4.96 × 10−6 | na | na | 1.26 × 10−2 | 8.09 × 10−2 | na | na | 6.10 × 10−2 | 3.20 × 10−1 | na | na |
Mn | 2.11 × 10−1 | 2.11 × 10−1 | na | na | 3.08 × 10−2 | 1.92 × 10−1 | na | na | 1.50 × 10−1 | 7.88 × 10−1 | na | na |
Ni | 4.60 × 10−3 | 4.60 × 10−3 | 5.25 × 10−18 | 1.26 × 10−18 | 1.43 × 10−3 | 8.68 × 10−3 | na | na | 7.07 × 10−5 | 3.71 × 10−4 | na | na |
Pb | 4.92 × 10−6 | 1.15 × 10−5 | 2.48 × 10−10 | 1.45 × 10−10 | 2.82 × 10−2 | 1.67 × 10−1 | 1.42 × 10−6 | 2.11 × 10−6 | 1.41 × 10−1 | 7.41 × 10−1 | 7.12 × 10−6 | 9.34 × 10−6 |
Sn | 4.20 × 10−9 | 9.79 × 10−9 | na | na | 2.38 × 10−5 | 1.38 × 10−4 | na | na | 1.21 × 10−4 | 6.32 × 10−4 | na | na |
Sr | 4.72 × 10−8 | 1.10 × 10−7 | na | na | 2.64 × 10−4 | 1.50 × 10−3 | na | na | 1.35 × 10−3 | 7.10 × 10−3 | na | na |
V | 5.08 × 10−3 | 5.08 × 10−3 | na | na | 6.69 × 10−3 | 3.71 × 10−2 | na | na | 3.47 × 10−2 | 1.82 × 10−1 | na | na |
Zn | 3.91 × 10−6 | 9.12 × 10−6 | na | na | 2.14 × 10−2 | 1.16 × 10−1 | na | na | 1.12 × 10−1 | 5.89 × 10−1 | na | na |
Zr | 1.15 × 10−5 | 2.67 × 10−5 | na | na | 6.20 × 10−2 | 3.31 × 10−1 | na | na | 3.29 × 10−1 | 1.73 × 100 | na | na |
Total | 1.32 × 10+1 | 1.66 × 10+1 | 2.67 × 10−5 | 8.53 × 10−8 | 3.36 × 10−1 | 2.21 × 100 | 2.67 × 10−5 | 4.93 × 10−5 | 1.45 × 100 | 7.61 × 100 | 9.77 × 10−5 | 1.28 × 10−4 |
Adult total HQ | 1.50 × 10+1 | |||||||||||
Child total HQ | 2.64 × 10+1 | |||||||||||
Adult total CR | 1.51 × 10−4 | |||||||||||
Child total CR | 1.77 × 10−4 |
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Traczyk, P.; Gruszecka-Kosowska, A. The Condition of Air Pollution in Kraków, Poland, in 2005–2020, with Health Risk Assessment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6063. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176063
Traczyk P, Gruszecka-Kosowska A. The Condition of Air Pollution in Kraków, Poland, in 2005–2020, with Health Risk Assessment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6063. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176063
Chicago/Turabian StyleTraczyk, Paulina, and Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska. 2020. "The Condition of Air Pollution in Kraków, Poland, in 2005–2020, with Health Risk Assessment" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6063. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176063