How Does COVID-19 Pandemic Influence the Sense of Belonging and Decision-Making Process of Nursing Students: The Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Literature Review
1.2. Purpose of the Study
2. Methods
2.1. Theoretical Framework: Social Cognitive Career Theory
2.2. Participants
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Human Subject Protection
3. Results and Findings
3.1. Before the COVID-19 Pandemic: Financial Consideration as the Major Goal because I Am a Money Person
I have no personal achievements … no interests … no goals … no career interests … based on my grades. I wanted to study a major that offered a career with a better salary and benefits … [W]orking in a hospital, especially a large-sized hospital in Seoul, is a way of making money … [T]his is the only reason why I wanted to study nursing … [M]oney was the biggest reason …(P#42)
I could have selected biology or nursing as my major(s) during high school … I selected nursing because nurses can make more money…I wanted to learn biology as it was my interest … but all I need is money and a salary … I would never pick a major that could not produce money …(P#53, Sophomore)
To be honest, I do not want to be a nurse…but I want to receive a nurse’s salary … I do not really care about the treatment of the patients … I care about myself … I care about money and the holidays … I do not have any dreams … this is Korea … I just care about myself and my money…(P#54)
3.1.1. Making More Money for Personal Reasons
I can earn a lot of money because I will be working as a nurse in a large hospital … I want to buy a lot of handbags and cosmetic items and a luxury car, and I want to change my cell phone every season … I cannot afford this lifestyle at the moment as I am not rich enough … but once I can earn money as a nurse … I can do something that can satisfy my lifestyle …(P#22)
I love up-to-date cell phones and computers…at the moment, I do not want to buy any outdated models … I need to change my electronic items each season…I want to become a nurse … [I]t is totally about money…I do not care about the patients … [A]ll I need is the money … I am not an angel or whatever, I am a money girl.(P#34)
I can have long holidays and a good salary to pay for my holidays … I plan to have a working holiday after I have worked in a hospital for one or two years … I do not care about how society and communities see me … I have my own life, and my life is about making money with my nursing licence.(P#12)
3.1.2. Making More Money for Better Family Life
… [M]aking money is my goal … I don’t care about my patients or my career development … [B]eing a nurse is all about money for my marriage … I want to make more money to buy a house after my marriage … [N]ursing is a good way for girls to make money …(P#3)
… [N]ursing is one of the best occupations to make money…especially for girls in Korea … I want to buy a house for my parents … I will send money to my younger brothers for university … I picked this major because as a girl … I need to find a way to make money … I was thinking about a career in finance … but only a nursing school accepted my application … [I]t is all about money…(P#25)
... I have a plan with my father already … [A]fter I have gained several years of experience and saved enough money in Seoul … we can invest in a private clinic in the rural community … I already have a plan and timetable … I want to be a boss … I do not want to work for someone … I want to manage the bookkeeping instead of nursing … [M]edical services can be a business …(P#47)
3.2. Before the COVID-19 Pandemic: Climbing the Social Ladder
3.2.1. Medical and Nursing as Some of the Highest Occupations in South Korea
I want to reach the upper level of society with my nursing degree and job … I don’t like nursing and I don’t like caring for patients … but I like the social status … perhaps … because many Korean people believe nurses are upper-level individuals in the society … I want to become one of the highest people in the community … again, I do not like patient caring … I like social level and money …(P#33)
… I study nursing only because I want to build up to the upper level … I really hate caring for patients … I will tell my supervisor I am a lazy girl … but society needs me as the there is a shortage of nurses … I can find jobs pretty easily … [A]s a registered nurse, I have an advantage in society … I can gain jobs that I like …(P#32)
… I don’t care about my working environment … I care about how my nursing degree will help me gain a job with less responsibilities … I know nursing is not an easy profession … but I can adjust my workload…I am not here to care for patients … I only want a job so that I can engage in my hobbies and interests after working hours and for the social status I will have as a nurse …(P#41)
…I want use my occupation as a nurse as a way to marry a rich organizational leader, as nurses are sexy and attract rich men in the business field … [P]erhaps I can marry a doctor or hospital leader … I don’t want to work as a nurse once I am married … [M]y purpose in choosing to study nursing and enter the profession is to make money … I am not here to care for patients. I am here for the money and social status …(P#38)
3.3. During the COVID-10 Pandemic: Quitting or Staying in the Professional Due to Financial and Work-Life Balance Considerations
3.3.1. Staying in the Profession for Financial and Business Networking Purposes: COVID-19 as a Provider of Business Opportunities
I need to make more money, so I need to become a nurse. Although I really don’t like patient caring … I need to make more money for my dream traveling … and perhaps handbags and some leisure activities … I just hate patient caring and I hate taking care of people …(P#25)
Korean people like nurses … because they are working in higher status workplaces … such as hospitals … I like this prestige … [I]t is my first priority … in seeking to become a nurse … [I]t is not about the patients …(P#49)
I decided to study nursing because I want to make more money and I want to save more money for traveling and shopping … for handbags and leisure activities … The COVID-19 pandemic will not change my mind about this money-making decision … I still want to make money from the medical field … I will start my own clinic … It should be a way to make money …(P#50)
… I am sure I will not leave the medical profession … I will use this opportunity to make more money from patients … I have a business mind with a nursing focus … I will enter a hospital … to understand how it operates and patients’ behaviors … [A]fter gaining several years’ experience … I will start my own clinic…but again, I need to make money … [T]he COVID-19 pandemic will not change my focus on money …(P#11)
3.3.2. The Insignificant Salary and Benefits in the Nursing Profession Do Not Match the Sacrifice
… I joined the nursing profession because of the salary. I do not have money to start my clinic in the future…I have to work in a hospital to finance my leisure activities and handbags … Although the salary is very attractive, I have to work for more than 10 h a day … but I do not receive any additional payments even when I work overtime…I disagree with this situation …(P#16)
… [M]y hobby is not nursing, caring for patients, or working for society … [M]y hobbies are buying handbags…watching movies … going to a coffee shop and chatting with my friends … [D]ue to this COVID-19 pandemic, many medical professionals need to work overtime with no additional salary … [If] I cannot go to buy a handbag after I finish work, I will not join this profession …(P#39)
My goal is to become a sexy nurse K-pop star who can make a lot of money on the stage, TV shows, and movies … [D]on’t you think the gimmick of sexy nurse and K-pop is more attractive than a fat nurse working in a hospital for 30 years? … I want to work in a plastic surgery clinic in the future because I want to take advantage of the free plastic surgery … but for now, I will just follow the K-pop direction after my graduation…(P#51)
I was planning to work just in surgery before I left the hospital … but I don’t think that will work after the COVID-19 pandemic … [M]any hospitals and medical organizations have changed their benefit packages … no more plastic surgery benefits for staff with less than five years’ working experience … I may enter the business industry, for example, promotion or TV show work, with my professional nursing skills.(P#2)
I am planning to work as a leader or join a leadership team … I do not want to help any patients as I want to lead people and make more money with my skills … Since the COVID-19 pandemic, I have changed my mind somehow … I will not join the nursing profession … [I]nstead, I want to use my nursing and medical skills to start a YouTube channel for health promotion …(P#44)
I am sure that I am not going to touch those people who are infected with this international virus … I disagree with how the government treats nursing professionals … [W]e are human and we have family members … [W]hy would the government send us to the frontline for the patients? I want to make money and manage people …(P#33)
… [I]n the first place, I do not have a strong interest in nursing, but I am interested in money, my name, a good position, and a good company … [C]aring for patients and older people is of no interest to me … [A]fter this COVID-19 pandemic, I do not think I will join the nursing profession as I really don’t want to provide care to older people …(P#21)
4. Discussion
Limitations and Future Developments
5. Conclusions
Practice Implications
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Name | Years at University | University Location | Career Decision after the COVID-19 Pandemic |
---|---|---|---|
P#1 | Freshmen (1st Year) | Seoul | Will not enter the nursing profession after university graduation |
P#2 | |||
P#3 | |||
P#4 | |||
P#5 | |||
P#6 | Busan | ||
P#7 | |||
P#8 | Daejeon | ||
P#9 | |||
P#10 | |||
P#11 | Sophomore (2nd Year) | Seoul | |
P#12 | |||
P#13 | |||
P#14 | |||
P#15 | |||
P#16 | |||
P#17 | Gangwon-do | ||
P#18 | |||
P#19 | Gyeonggi-do | ||
P#20 | |||
P#21 | Daejeon | ||
P#22 | |||
P#23 | |||
P#24 | |||
P#25 | |||
P#26 | Junior (3rd Year) | Seoul | |
P#27 | |||
P#28 | |||
P#29 | Jeolla-do | ||
P#30 | |||
P#31 | |||
P#32 | Gyeongsang-do | ||
P#33 | |||
P#34 | |||
P#35 | Daegu | ||
P#36 | |||
P#37 | |||
P#38 | |||
P#39 | Senior (4th Year) | Seoul | |
P#40 | |||
P#41 | |||
P#42 | |||
P#43 | |||
P#44 | Gwangju | ||
P#45 | |||
P#46 | |||
P#47 | Incheon | ||
P#48 | |||
P#49 | |||
P#50 | Daejeon | ||
P#51 | |||
P#52 | Ulsan | ||
P#53 | |||
P#54 | Busan | ||
P#55 | |||
P#56 | |||
P#57 | Stay in the nursing professional after university graduation | ||
P#58 |
Appendix B
- (1)
- Was nursing your first choice for university major? Can you tell me more about your selection procedure?
- (2)
- Why do you want to become a nursing student? What are your motivations? Can you tell me more with examples?
- (3)
- Do you want to become a nurse or medical professional in the medical field? Why or why not?
- (4)
- If you have a chance again, do you want to study nursing as your university major? Why or why not?
- (5)
- Did you change your mind about being a nursing student during the COVID-19 Pandemic? How?
- (6)
- How would you describe your experiences, sense of belonging, and career decision-making process due to the COVID-19 Pandemic?
- (7)
- Do you still want to become a nurse after the COVID-19 Pandemic? Why or why not?
- (8)
- What motivations or reasons have been changed after the COVID-19 Pandemic? In any directions, can you tell me more?
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Themes and Subthemes | ||
---|---|---|
Section 3.1 | Before the COVID-19 Pandemic: Financial Consideration as the Major Goal because I am a Money Person | |
Section 3.1.1 | Making more Money for Personal Reasons | |
Section 3.1.2 | Making more Money for Better Family Life | |
Section 3.2 | Before the COVID-19 Pandemic: Climbing the Social Ladder | |
Section 3.2.1 | Medical and Nursing as Some of the Highest Occupations in South Korea | |
Section 3.3 | During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Quitting or Staying in the Profession due to Financial and Work-Life Balance Considerations | |
Section 3.3.1 | Staying in the Profession for Financial and Business Networking Purposes: COVID-19 as a Provider of Business Opportunities | |
Section 3.3.2 | The Insignificant Salary and Benefits in the Nursing Profession do not Match the Sacrifice |
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Dos Santos, L.M. How Does COVID-19 Pandemic Influence the Sense of Belonging and Decision-Making Process of Nursing Students: The Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5603. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155603
Dos Santos LM. How Does COVID-19 Pandemic Influence the Sense of Belonging and Decision-Making Process of Nursing Students: The Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(15):5603. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155603
Chicago/Turabian StyleDos Santos, Luis Miguel. 2020. "How Does COVID-19 Pandemic Influence the Sense of Belonging and Decision-Making Process of Nursing Students: The Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5603. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155603