Reaction of the Organisms of Young Football Players to City Smog in the Sports Training
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The efficiency of the functions contributing to covering the oxygen demand of the muscles and the activity of biochemical processes in the muscles deciding on using oxygen sources of energy.
- The resources of energy substrates in the muscles and other tissues and the efficiency of mobilizing substrates from the sources outside muscles.
- The efficiency of the processes equalizing changes in the internal environment of the body caused by the exertion.
- The tolerance of fatigue changes.
- Does the impact on the parameters of physical performance depend on the training measures used or is it necessary to consider the environmental conditions connected to the level of air pollution in the planning of physical load?
- Does sports training in poor environmental conditions (high air pollution, smog) satisfy pro-health requirements?
- The increase in the indicators of physical performance depends not only on regular sports training but also on the environmental conditions—the quality of the air—in which the training takes place.
- Sport activity in polluted air (smog) not only can decrease the dynamics of the increase in performance but can also negatively influence human health.
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- Choosing the physical load in sports training has to consider the reactions of the body to physical effort.
- The planning of sports training has to consider not only the methods and means of the training but also environmental factors (air pollution).
- Due to health issues, sports training in a city in smog conditions should be significantly reduced.
- Physical effort in possible smog conditions should be done with the use of antismog face masks. Masks should be mandatory when the air pollution is particularly adverse.
- The arrangement of sports training (particularly for youths) should strictly take into account the environment in which the training takes place.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measurement Parameters | Cooper Test Kraków 1st Measurement | Cooper Test Kraków 2nd Measurement |
---|---|---|
Mean | 2716,67 | 2731,00 |
Standard deviation | 130,89 | 131.35 |
Coefficient of variation | 4.82 | 4.81 |
Significance of the differences | 0.3364 |
Measurement Parameters | Borg scale Kraków 1st Measurement | Borg scale Kraków 2nd Measurement |
---|---|---|
Mean | 16.93 | 16.80 |
Standard deviation | 0.83 | 1,03 |
Coefficient of variation | 4.89 | 6,13 |
Significance of the differences | 0.291 |
Measurement Parameters | Cooper Test Kraków 2nd Measurement | Cooper Test Głuchołazy 1st Measurement |
---|---|---|
Mean | 2731,0 | 2752,67 |
Standard deviation | 131.35 | 131.46 |
Coefficient of variation | 4.81 | 4.78 |
Significance of the differences | 0.262 |
Measurement Parameters | Borg scale Kraków 2nd Measurement | Borg scale Głuchołazy 1st Measurement |
---|---|---|
Mean | 16.80 | 16,23 |
Standard deviation | 1,03 | 1,14 |
Coefficient of variation | 6,13 | 6,99 |
Significance of the differences | 0.0238 |
Measurement Parameters | Cooper Test Głuchołazy 1st Measurement | Cooper Test Głuchołazy 2nd Measurement |
---|---|---|
Mean | 2752 | 2833.0 |
Standard deviation | 131.46 | 115.68 |
Coefficient of variation | 4.78 | 4.08 |
Significance of the differences | 0.0074 |
Measurement Parameters | Borg scale Głuchołazy 1st Measurement | Borg scale Głuchołazy 2nd Measurement |
---|---|---|
Mean | 16,23 | 15,40 |
Standard deviation | 1,14 | 1.07 |
Coefficient of variation | 6,99 | 6,95 |
Significance of the differences | 0.0025 |
Measurement Parameters | Cooper Test Głuchołazy 2nd Measurement | Cooper Test Kraków 3rd Measurement |
---|---|---|
Mean | 2833,0 | 2815.17 |
Standard deviation | 115.68 | 122.85 |
Coefficient of variation | 4.08 | 4.36 |
Significance of the differences | 0.282 |
Measurement Parameters | Borg scale Głuchołazy 2nd Measurement | Borg scale Kraków 3rd Measurement |
---|---|---|
Mean | 15,40 | 16,07 |
Standard deviation | 1.07 | 0,98 |
Coefficient of variation | 6,93 | 6,10 |
Significance of the differences | 0.007 |
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Duda, H.; Rydzik, Ł.; Czarny, W.; Błach, W.; Görner, K.; Ambroży, T. Reaction of the Organisms of Young Football Players to City Smog in the Sports Training. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5510. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155510
Duda H, Rydzik Ł, Czarny W, Błach W, Görner K, Ambroży T. Reaction of the Organisms of Young Football Players to City Smog in the Sports Training. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(15):5510. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155510
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuda, Henryk, Łukasz Rydzik, Wojciech Czarny, Wiesław Błach, Karol Görner, and Tadeusz Ambroży. 2020. "Reaction of the Organisms of Young Football Players to City Smog in the Sports Training" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5510. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155510