Case Ascertainment on Australian Registers for Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- describe the characteristics of ARF/RHD cases ascertained in the ARF/RHD register data, hospital data and both sources,
- (2)
- quantify case ascertainment by the ARF/RHD registers by determining the proportion of hospitalised ARF/RHD cases found in the ARF/RHD register data,
- (3)
- investigate the agreement of ARF and RHD diagnosis dates recorded on ARF/RHD registers and in the hospital data, and
- (4)
- identify factors associated with hospitalised ARF/RHD cases not being notified and recorded on the ARF/RHD registers.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Data Sources
2.2. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Analysis (Objective 1)
3.1.1. Indigenous Cases
3.1.2. Non-Indigenous Cases
3.2. Case Ascertainment on ARF/RHD Registers (Objective 2)
3.2.1. Indigenous Cases
3.2.2. Non-Indigenous Cases
3.3. Agreement between Recorded Diagnosis Dates (Objective 3)
3.4. Multivariate Inferential Analysis (Objective 4)
3.4.1. Indigenous Cases
3.4.2. Non-Indigenous Cases
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Classification | ICD-10-AM Codes |
---|---|
RHD Procedure Codes | 3827001–3827003, 9622200, 3848808–3848811 |
RHD Surgery Codes | 3845610, 3848300, 3848000, 3848100, 3848800, 3848801, 3848900, 3848901, 3845615, 3865304, 3848700, 3848501, 3848001, 3848101, 3847500, 3847700, 3848802, 3848803, 3848902, 3848500, 3845616, 3865305, 3845611, 3848002, 3848102, 3847501, 3847701, 3848804, 3848805, 3848903, 3845617, 3865306, 3845601, 3848806, 3848807, 3848904, 3848905, 3845618, 3865307, 3847502, 3847702 |
Condition | ICD-10-AM Codes |
---|---|
Comorbiditie | |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | J40 - J47 |
Chronic Kidney Disease | E10.2, E11.2, E12.2, E13.2, E14.2, I15.0, I15.1, N39.1, N39.2, T82.4, Z94.0, Z99.2, I12, I13, N00 - N08, N11–N12, N14–N16, N18, N19, N25–N28, Q60–Q63, Z49 |
Other Cardiovascular Diseases | I10 -I11, I15.2, I15.8, I15.9, I20 - I28, I30–I32, I34–I47, I49, I51, I52, I65-I89, I95–I99 |
Coronary Heart Disease | I20–I25 |
Anticoagulant | D62, D68.3, D68.4, D68.8 |
Diabetes | E10–E14 |
Mental Health Conditions | F202013F99 |
Complications | |
Stroke | I60–I64 |
Heart Failure | I50 |
Atrial Fibrillation | I48 |
Endocarditis | I33 |
Drug/Alcohol Abuse | |
Alcohol Abuse | JZ50.2, Z71.4, Z72.1, F10, K70, E24.4, G31.2, G62.1, G72.1, I42.6, K29.2, K86.0, O35.4, T51.9 |
Tobacco Smoking | Z71.6, Z72.0, F17, T65.2 |
Drug abuse | Z71.5, F11 - F19, R78.1, R78.2, R78.3, R78.4, R78.5, T40, Y12, Z50.3, O35.5 |
Pregnancy | |
Pregnancy | O00 - O48, O60, O61-O77, O80-O82, O85-O92, O94, O9A, O98, O99, Z34, Z3A, F53, A34, E23, M83.0 |
Variable | Indigenous (n = 1821) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NT | SA | QLD | WA | |||||||||
n | Column Percent (C%) | Row Percent (R%) | n | C% | R% | n | C% | R% | n | C% | R% | |
Total | 1207 | 100% | 36% | 54 | 100% | 47% | 380 | 100% | 24% | 180 | 100% | 23% |
Most Recent Age (years) | ||||||||||||
3–14 | 39 | 3% | 9% | <5 | 4% | 9% | 49 | 13% | 16% | 17 | 9% | 12% |
15–24 | 78 | 6% | 11% | 5 | 9% | 24% | 50 | 13% | 13% | 26 | 14% | 13% |
25–34 | 189 | 16% | 27% | 12 | 22% | 55% | 58 | 15% | 19% | 35 | 19% | 20% |
35–44 | 341 | 28% | 55% | 9 | 17% | 64% | 55 | 14% | 26% | 36 | 20% | 28% |
45–54 | 291 | 24% | 59% | 8 | 15% | 57% | 94 | 25% | 47% | 31 | 17% | 37% |
55–75 | 268 | 22% | 65% | 18 | 33% | 78% | 72 | 19% | 50% | 35 | 19% | 61% |
Sex | ||||||||||||
Male | 427 | 35% | 33% | 20 | 37% | 50% | 154 | 41% | 25% | 52 | 29% | 19% |
Female | 780 | 65% | 37% | 34 | 63% | 45% | 226 | 59% | 24% | 128 | 71% | 25% |
Diagnosis | ||||||||||||
ARF Only | 143 | 12% | 19% | 5 | 9% | 23% | 95 | 25% | 30% | 41 | 23% | 20% |
RHD Only | 998 | 83% | 56% | 48 | 89% | 61% | 277 | 73% | 31% | 134 | 74% | 36% |
Both | 66 | 5% | 8% | <5 | 2% | 7% | 8 | 2% | 2% | 5 | 3% | 3% |
RHD Severity | ||||||||||||
Severe RHD | 479 | 40% | 43% | 35 | 65% | 71% | 160 | 42% | 34% | 91 | 51% | 33% |
Mild/ Moderate RHD | 585 | 48% | 39% | 14 | 26% | 31% | 125 | 33% | 16% | 48 | 27% | 16% |
ARF Only | 143 | 12% | 19% | 5 | 9% | 23% | 95 | 25% | 30% | 41 | 23% | 20% |
ARF Recurrence | ||||||||||||
Total ARF Cases | 209 | 17% | 13% | 6 | 11% | 16% | 103 | 27% | 15% | 46 | 25% | 12% |
No Recurrence | 170 | 81% | 14% | 5 | 83% | 14% | 99 | 96% | 17% | 39 | 85% | 12% |
Recurrence | 39 | 19% | 12% | <5 | 17% | 100% | <5 | 4% | 5% | 7 | 15% | 9% |
Indigenous (n = 1821) | ||||||||||||
NT (n = 1207) | SA (n = 54) | QLD (n = 380) | WA (n = 180) | |||||||||
Variable | n | C% | R% | n | C% | R% | n | C% | R% | n | C% | R% |
Vital Status | ||||||||||||
Alive | 882 | 73% | 31% | 49 | 91% | 42% | 317 | 83% | 22% | 155 | 86% | 21% |
Dead | 325 | 27% | 62% | 5 | 9% | 71% | 63 | 17% | 66% | 25 | 14% | 56% |
Remoteness (ARIA) | ||||||||||||
Inner Regional | <5 | 0% | 100% | 24 | 44% | 73% | 75 | 20% | 49% | 62 | 34% | 53% |
Outer Regional | 165 | 14% | 49% | 19 | 35% | 59% | 135 | 36% | 24% | 22 | 12% | 43% |
Remote | 1028 | 85% | 36% | 9 | 17% | 39% | 170 | 45% | 21% | 96 | 53% | 16% |
SES | ||||||||||||
Quintile I & II | 124 | 10% | 48% | 18 | 33% | 95% | 59 | 16% | 34% | 44 | 24% | 32% |
Quintile III | 111 | 9% | 51% | 7 | 13% | 54% | 137 | 36% | 27% | 27 | 15% | 51% |
Quintile IV | 136 | 11% | 42% | 23 | 43% | 50% | 113 | 30% | 25% | 64 | 36% | 24% |
Quintile V | 825 | 68% | 34% | <5 | 7% | 40% | 71 | 19% | 20% | 45 | 25% | 15% |
Last Diagnosis Since Register Establishment (years) | ||||||||||||
Mean Time | 8.3 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 2.7 | ||||||||
0–<2 | 93 | 8% | 74% | 19 | 35% | 59% | 69 | 18% | 24% | 57 | 32% | 37% |
2+ | 1114 | 92% | 34% | 35 | 65% | 42% | 311 | 82% | 24% | 123 | 68% | 20% |
Comorbidity | ||||||||||||
Any Comorbidity | 916 | 76% | 50% | 44 | 81% | 75% | 245 | 64% | 34% | 130 | 72% | 34% |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases | 239 | 20% | 59% | 11 | 20% | 85% | 49 | 13% | 51% | 37 | 21% | 44% |
Chronic Kidney Disease | 454 | 38% | 61% | 13 | 24% | 76% | 100 | 26% | 48% | 51 | 28% | 43% |
Other Cardiovascular Diseases | 788 | 65% | 52% | 35 | 65% | 78% | 216 | 57% | 38% | 111 | 62% | 38% |
Coronary Heart Diseases | 364 | 30% | 66% | 12 | 22% | 71% | 102 | 27% | 65% | 45 | 25% | 67% |
Anticoagulant | 229 | 19% | 61% | 11 | 20% | 85% | 49 | 13% | 46% | 41 | 23% | 41% |
Diabetes | 485 | 40% | 62% | 17 | 31% | 74% | 126 | 33% | 44% | 64 | 36% | 44% |
Mental Health Conditions | 109 | 9% | 53% | 15 | 28% | 83% | 49 | 13% | 39% | 30 | 17% | 35% |
Indigenous (n = 1,821) | ||||||||||||
NT (n = 1,207) | SA (n = 54) | QLD (n = 380) | WA (n = 180) | |||||||||
Variable | n | C% | R% | n | C% | R% | n | C% | R% | n | C% | R% |
Complications | ||||||||||||
Any Complication | 496 | 41% | 57% | 33 | 61% | 85% | 154 | 41% | 46% | 86 | 48% | 46% |
Stroke | 50 | 4% | 58% | <5 | 6% | 100% | 17 | 4% | 49% | 8 | 4% | 35% |
Heart Failure | 368 | 30% | 58% | 25 | 46% | 83% | 113 | 30% | 50% | 72 | 40% | 51% |
Atrial Fibrillation | 278 | 23% | 56% | 19 | 35% | 83% | 94 | 25% | 43% | 55 | 31% | 47% |
Endocarditis | 38 | 3% | 54% | <5 | 7% | 100% | 21 | 6% | 58% | 10 | 6% | 43% |
Drug/Alcohol Abuse | ||||||||||||
Any Substance | 834 | 69% | 49% | 40 | 74% | 74% | 244 | 64% | 34% | 122 | 68% | 30% |
Alcohol Abuse | 463 | 38% | 54% | 23 | 43% | 72% | 107 | 28% | 38% | 56 | 31% | 28% |
Drug Abuse | 56 | 5% | 47% | 8 | 15% | 73% | 33 | 9% | 38% | 24 | 13% | 36% |
Tobacco Smoking | 756 | 63% | 49% | 36 | 67% | 72% | 232 | 61% | 34% | 116 | 64% | 30% |
Pregnancy | ||||||||||||
Females of Reproductive Age | 507 | 42% | 34% | 24 | 44% | 51% | 133 | 35% | 21% | 83 | 46% | 24% |
Pregnancy | 234 | 46% | 39% | 10 | 42% | 67% | 57 | 43% | 25% | 31 | 37% | 27% |
Indigenous Status | ARF | RHD | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Episodes on Both Sources | Agreeing Dates | Time Difference of Non-Agreeing Dates (Days) | Diagnosis on Both Sources | Agreeing Dates | Time Difference of Non-Agreeing Dates (Days) | ||||||||
Indigenous | Total | n | % | Mean | Median | IQR | Total | n | % | Mean | Median | IQR | |
Jurisdiction | NT | 979 | 944 | 96% | 38 | 30 | 41 | 881 | 765 | 87% | 982 | 718 | 992 |
SA | 19 | 17 | 89% | 20 | 20 | 2 | 14 | 12 | 86% | 400 | 400 | 269 | |
QLD | 279 | 275 | 99% | 28 | 28 | 4 | 319 | 246 | 77% | 692 | 497 | 727 | |
WA | 186 | 185 | 99% | 17 | 17 | 0 | 131 | 115 | 88% | 581 | 495 | 528 | |
Total | 1463 | 1421 | 97% | 35 | 28 | 27 | 1345 | 1138 | 85% | 843 | 594 | 893 | |
Indigenous Regions (IREGs) | NT Top End | 733 | 712 | 97% | 44 | 33 | 33 | 666 | 583 | 88% | 919 | 727 | 995 |
NT Central | 246 | 232 | 94% | 27 | 17 | 8 | 215 | 182 | 85% | 1140 | 612 | 1031 | |
SA Other | 13 | 12 | 92% | 22 | 22 | 0 | 9 | 8 | 89% | 131 | 131 | 0 | |
SA Metro | 6 | 5 | 83% | 18 | 18 | 0 | 5 | <5 | 80% | 668 | 668 | 0 | |
QLD North | 244 | 241 | 99% | 29 | 28 | 7 | 273 | 210 | 77% | 687 | 385 | 747 | |
QLD Other | 23 | 23 | 100% | 21 | 18 | 86% | 1205 | 1267 | 642 | ||||
QLD Metro | 12 | 11 | 92% | 27 | 27 | 0 | 25 | 18 | 72% | 523 | 530 | 118 | |
WA North | 135 | 134 | 99% | 17 | 17 | 0 | 105 | 95 | 90% | 600 | 495 | 471 | |
WA Other | 32 | 32 | 100% | 18 | 12 | 67% | 550 | 450 | 551 | ||||
WA Metro | 19 | 19 | 100% | 8 | 8 | 100% | |||||||
Non-Indigenous | |||||||||||||
Jurisdiction | NT | 13 | 12 | 92% | 23 | 23 | 0 | 19 | 16 | 84% | 492 | 452 | 407 |
SA | <5 | <5 | 100% | 7 | 6 | 86% | 232 | 232 | 0 | ||||
QLD | 58 | 57 | 98% | 25 | 25 | 0 | 116 | 104 | 90% | 772 | 466 | 1190 | |
WA | <5 | <5 | 100% | <5 | <5 | 100% | |||||||
Total | 76 | 74 | 97% | 24 | 24 | 1 | 143 | 127 | 89% | 686 | 434 | 968 |
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Variable | Indigenous (n = 5824) | Non–Indigenous (n = 1497) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hospital Only | Both | Register Only | Hospital Only | Both | Register Only | |||||||||
Cases n | R% | n | R% | n | R% | p-Value | n | R% | n | R% | n | R% | p-Value | |
Total | 1821 | 31% | 2484 | 43% | 1519 | 26% | 1135 | 76% | 206 | 14% | 156 | 10% | ||
Most Recent Age (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
3–14 | 107 | 12% | 535 | 59% | 261 | 29% | 35 | 38% | 32 | 35% | 24 | 26% | ||
15–24 | 159 | 12% | 720 | 54% | 457 | 34% | 50 | 36% | 46 | 33% | 42 | 30% | ||
25–34 | 294 | 25% | 548 | 46% | 344 | 29% | 90 | 67% | 23 | 17% | 22 | 16% | ||
35–44 | 441 | 46% | 319 | 33% | 209 | 22% | 149 | 78% | 28 | 15% | 15 | 8% | ||
45–54 | 424 | 54% | 225 | 28% | 141 | 18% | 262 | 83% | 36 | 11% | 18 | 6% | ||
55–75 | 393 | 62% | 137 | 22% | 107 | 17% | 511 | 87% | 41 | 7% | 35 | 6% | ||
Sex | 0.153 | 0.725 | ||||||||||||
Male | 653 | 30% | 944 | 43% | 592 | 27% | 443 | 75% | 80 | 14% | 66 | 11% | ||
Female | 1168 | 32% | 1539 | 42% | 927 | 26% | 692 | 76% | 126 | 14% | 90 | 10% | ||
Diagnosis | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
ARF Only | 284 | 22% | 551 | 42% | 463 | 36% | 142 | 71% | 28 | 14% | 29 | 15% | ||
RHD Only | 1457 | 47% | 856 | 27% | 809 | 26% | 985 | 81% | 119 | 10% | 108 | 9% | ||
Both | 80 | 6% | 1077 | 77% | 247 | 18% | 8 | 9% | 59 | 69% | 19 | 22% | ||
Disease Status | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
Severe RHD | 765 | 40% | 911 | 48% | 226 | 12% | 740 | 80% | 133 | 14% | 48 | 5% | ||
Non-Severe RHD | 772 | 29% | 1022 | 39% | 830 | 32% | 253 | 67% | 45 | 12% | 79 | 21% | ||
ARF Only | 284 | 22% | 551 | 42% | 463 | 36% | 142 | 71% | 28 | 14% | 29 | 15% | ||
ARF Recurrence | <0.001 | 0.122 | ||||||||||||
Total | 365 | 14% | 1628 | 60% | 710 | 26% | 150 | 53% | 87 | 31% | 48 | 17% | ||
No | 313 | 14% | 1222 | 55% | 668 | 30% | 145 | 53% | 81 | 30% | 48 | 18% | ||
Yes | 51 | 10% | 406 | 81% | 42 | 8% | 5 | 45% | 6 | 55% | 0 | 0% | ||
Vital Status | <0.001 | 0.056 | ||||||||||||
Alive | 1403 | 27% | 2264 | 44% | 1483 | 29% | 1023 | 75% | 193 | 14% | 148 | 11% | ||
Dead | 418 | 62% | 220 | 33% | 36 | 5% | 112 | 84% | 13 | 10% | 8 | 6% | ||
State of Residence | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
NT | 1207 | 36% | 1580 | 47% | 591 | 17% | 81 | 52% | 31 | 20% | 43 | 28% | ||
SA | 54 | 47% | 33 | 28% | 29 | 25% | 135 | 91% | 8 | 5% | 6 | 4% | ||
QLD | 380 | 24% | 585 | 38% | 593 | 38% | 705 | 73% | 163 | 17% | 101 | 10% | ||
WA | 180 | 23% | 286 | 37% | 306 | 40% | 214 | 96% | <5 | 2% | 6 | 3% | ||
Remoteness (ARIA) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
Inner regional | 164 | 54% | 91 | 30% | 50 | 16% | 867 | 82% | 136 | 13% | 53 | 5% | ||
Outer Regional | 341 | 35% | 407 | 41% | 235 | 24% | 190 | 71% | 49 | 18% | 29 | 11% | ||
Remote | 1303 | 31% | 1982 | 47% | 975 | 23% | 55 | 59% | 19 | 20% | 20 | 21% | ||
Socioeconomic Status (SES) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
Quintile I & II | 245 | 42% | 202 | 34% | 141 | 24% | 362 | 87% | 31 | 7% | 25 | 6% | ||
Quintile III | 282 | 35% | 343 | 43% | 176 | 22% | 248 | 78% | 49 | 15% | 21 | 7% | ||
Quintile IV | 336 | 31% | 442 | 40% | 317 | 29% | 221 | 79% | 38 | 14% | 19 | 7% | ||
Quintile V | 945 | 31% | 1493 | 49% | 626 | 20% | 283 | 70% | 86 | 21% | 36 | 9% | ||
Last Interaction Since Register Establishment (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
Mean Time | 6.7 | 9.6 | 6.3 | 3.5 | 5.3 | 5.5 | ||||||||
0–2 | 238 | 40% | 113 | 19% | 247 | 41% | 295 | 84% | 34 | 10% | 21 | 6% | ||
2+ | 1583 | 30% | 2371 | 45% | 1272 | 24% | 840 | 73% | 172 | 15% | 135 | 12% | ||
Comorbidity | ||||||||||||||
Any | 1335 | 44% | 1268 | 42% | 415 | 14% | <0.001 | 873 | 84% | 128 | 12% | 38 | 4% | <0.001 |
Complications | ||||||||||||||
Any | 769 | 54% | 570 | 40% | 93 | 6% | <0.001 | 601 | 85% | 85 | 12% | 22 | 3% | <0.001 |
Drug/Alcohol Abuse | ||||||||||||||
Any Substance | 1240 | 43% | 1124 | 39% | 527 | 18% | <0.001 | 414 | 84% | 51 | 10% | 28 | 6% | <0.001 |
Pregnancy | ||||||||||||||
Females of Reproductive Age | 747 | 30% | 1095 | 43% | 679 | 27% | <0.001 | 250 | 70% | 64 | 18% | 45 | 13% | 0.004 |
Pregnancy | 332 | 35% | 480 | 50% | 144 | 15% | <0.001 | 68 | 74% | 15 | 16% | 9 | 10% | 0.540 |
Indigenous Status | ARF | RHD | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Hospital Cases | Hospital Cases on the Register (%) | Total Hospital Cases | Hospital Cases on the Register (%) | |||||
Indigenous | ||||||||
Jurisdiction | NT | 1133 | 874 | 77% | 2029 | 881 | 43% | |
SA | 25 | 19 | 76% | 66 | 14 | 21% | ||
QLD | 414 | 280 | 68% | 622 | 319 | 51% | ||
WA | 226 | 172 | 76% | 283 | 131 | 46% | ||
Total | 1798 | 1345 | 75% | 3000 | 1345 | 45% | ||
Non-Indigenous | ||||||||
Jurisdiction | NT | 30 | 13 | 43% | 87 | 19 | 22% | |
SA | 8 | <5 | 12% | 135 | 7 | 5% | ||
QLD | 167 | 59 | 35% | 721 | 116 | 16% | ||
WA | 27 | <5 | 15% | 193 | <5 | 1% | ||
Total | 232 | 77 | 33% | 1136 | 143 | 13% | ||
Indigenous & non-Indigenous | 2030 | 1422 | 70% | 4136 | 1488 | 36% |
Indigenous Status | ARF | RHD | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Episodes on Both Sources | Agreeing Date | Time Difference of Non-Agreeing Dates (Days) | Diagnosis on Both Sources | Agreeing Dates | Time Difference of Non-Agreeing Dates (Days) | ||||||||
Indigenous | Total | n | % | Mean | Median | IQR | Total | n | % | Mean | Median | IQR | |
Jurisdiction | NT | 979 | 396 | 40% | 6 | 3 | 5 | 881 | 548 | 62% | 347 | 8 | 324 |
SA | 19 | 6 | 32% | 6 | 4 | 6 | 14 | 5 | 36% | 92 | 5 | 5 | |
QLD | 279 | 268 | 96% | 15 | 14 | 22 | 319 | 163 | 51% | 331 | 56 | 445 | |
WA | 186 | 174 | 94% | 3 | 2 | 2 | 131 | 93 | 71% | 258 | 59 | 262 | |
Total | 1463 | 844 | 58% | 6 | 3 | 5 | 1345 | 809 | 60% | 332 | 16 | 348 | |
Indigenous Regions (IREGs) | NT Top End | 733 | 306 | 42% | 5 | 2 | 4 | 666 | 405 | 61% | 298 | 6 | 187 |
NT Central | 246 | 90 | 37% | 7 | 5 | 7 | 215 | 143 | 67% | 526 | 17 | 609 | |
SA Other | 13 | <5 | 31% | 7 | 5 | 5 | 9 | <5 | 33% | 24 | 3 | 3 | |
SA Metro | 6 | <5 | 33% | 6 | 2 | 5 | 5 | <5 | 40% | 227 | 7 | 331 | |
QLD North | 244 | 235 | 96% | 15 | 14 | 18 | 273 | 133 | 49% | 317 | 49 | 334 | |
QLD Other | 23 | 22 | 96% | 1 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 16 | 76% | 724 | 532 | 1262 | |
QLD Metro | 12 | 11 | 92% | 27 | 27 | 0 | 25 | 14 | 56% | 336 | 439 | 531 | |
WA North | 135 | 130 | 96% | 5 | 3 | 3 | 105 | 77 | 73% | 231 | 54 | 226 | |
WA Other | 32 | 28 | 88% | 1 | 1 | 0 | 18 | 9 | 50% | 372 | 218 | 580 | |
WA Metro | 19 | 16 | 84% | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 7 | 88% | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Non-Indigenous | |||||||||||||
Jurisdiction | NT | 13 | <5 | 15% | 7 | 5 | 7 | 19 | 13 | 68% | 254 | 74 | 350 |
SA | <5 | 0 | 0% | 6 | 6 | 0 | 7 | <5 | 57% | 79 | 4 | 116 | |
QLD | 58 | 56 | 97% | 14 | 14 | 12 | 116 | 76 | 66% | 239 | 6 | 141 | |
WA | <5 | <5 | 100% | <5 | <5 | 100% | |||||||
Total | 76 | 62 | 82% | 8 | 6 | 7 | 143 | 94 | 66% | 231 | 7 | 146 |
Variable | Total (n = 5565) | Indigenous (n = 4284) | Non-Indigenous (n = 1281) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | (CI) | AOR | (CI) | p Value | OR | (CI) | AOR | (CI) | p Value | OR | (CI) | AOR | (CI) | p Value | |
Indigenous status | |||||||||||||||
Non-Indigenous | 7.3 | (6.2–8.5) | 3.1 | (2.4–3.9) | <0.001 | ||||||||||
Most Recent Age (years) | |||||||||||||||
15–24 | 1.1 | (0.85–1.4) | 1.2 | (0.89–1.5) | 0.267 | 1.1 | (0.84–1.4) | 1.2 | (0.86–1.5) | 0.347 | 1.0 | (0.53–1.9) | 1.2 | (0.55–2.5) | 0.691 |
25–34 | 2.7 | (2.1–3.3) | 3.8 | (2.9–5.1) | <0.001 | 2.7 | (2.1–3.4) | 3.5 | (2.5–4.8) | <0.001 | 3.6 | (1.8–7.0) | 7.6 | (3.3–18) | <0.001 |
35–44 | 6.8 | (5.4–8.5) | 10 | (7.4–14) | <0.001 | 6.9 | (5.4–8.9) | 9.7 | (7.0–14) | <0.001 | 4.8 | (2.6–9.2) | 9.1 | (4.0–22) | <0.001 |
45–54 | 11 | (8.4–13) | 14 | (11–20) | <0.001 | 9.4 | (7.3–12) | 14 | (10–20) | <0.001 | 6.8 | (3.7–12) | 16 | (7.0–38) | <0.001 |
55–75 | 21 | (16–26) | 23 | (17–32) | <0.001 | 14 | (11–19) | 22 | (15–32) | <0.001 | 12 | (6.7–21) | 31 | (14–72) | <0.001 |
Sex | |||||||||||||||
Male | 0.95 | (0.85–1.1) | 1.1 | (0.97–1.3) | 0.125 | 0.90 | (0.79–1.0) | 1.1 | (0.93–1.3) | 0.300 | 1.0 | (0.75–1.4) | 1.2 | (0.86–1.8) | 0.256 |
Disease Status | |||||||||||||||
Severe RHD | 1.9 | (1.7–2.2) | 0.18 | (0.14–0.23) | <0.001 | 1.6 | (1.4–1.9) | 0.20 | (0.15–0.26) | <0.001 | 1.1 | (0.68–1.7) | 0.08 | (0.04–0.17) | <0.001 |
Mild/Moderate RHD | 1.3 | (1.1–1.5) | 0.45 | (0.37–0.56) | <0.001 | 1.5 | (1.2–1.7) | 0.49 | (0.39–0.61) | <0.001 | 1.1 | (0.64–1.8) | 0.22 | (0.11–0.44) | <0.001 |
Vital Status | |||||||||||||||
Dead | 2.4 | (2.0–2.8) | 1.8 | (1.5–2.3) | <0.001 | 3.1 | (2.6–3.7) | 1.8 | (1.5–2.3) | <0.001 | 1.7 | (0.97–3.2) | 1.2 | (0.62–2.4) | 0.619 |
State of Residence | |||||||||||||||
SA | 5.7 | (4.1–8.1) | 2.1 | (1.3–3.3) | 0.002 | 2.1 | (1.3–3.3) | 1.6 | (0.92–2.8) | 0.097 | 6.6 | (3.0–16) | 8.9 | (3.4–25) | <0.001 |
QLD | 1.8 | (1.6–2.0) | 0.87 | (0.7–1.0) | 0.131 | 0.85 | (0.73–0.99) | 0.77 | (0.62–0.96) | 0.018 | 1.6 | (1.0–2.6) | 2.6 | (1.4–5.0) | 0.004 |
WA | 1.7 | (1.4–2.0) | 1.1 | (0.87–1.4) | 0.421 | 0.83 | (0.68–1.0) | 0.81 | (0.62–1.1) | 0.110 | 21 | (8.1–73) | 30 | (9.7–118) | <0.001 |
Last Diagnosis Since Register Establishment (years) | |||||||||||||||
2+ | 3.8 | (3.2–4.6) | 2.3 | (1.9–3.0) | <0.001 | 3.2 | (2.5–4.0) | 2.9 | (2.2–3.9) | <0.001 | 1.8 | (1.2–2.7) | 1.2 | (0.74–1.8) | 0.529 |
Comorbidity | |||||||||||||||
yes | 2.7 | (2.4–3.0) | 1.3 | (1.1–1.5) | 0.008 | 2.6 | (2.3–3.0) | 1.3 | (1.1–1.5) | 0.011 | 2.0 | (1.5–2.7) | 1.6 | (0.97–2.5) | 0.061 |
Drug/Alcohol Abuse | |||||||||||||||
yes | 1.7 | (1.5–1.9) | 1.3 | (1.1–1.5) | 0.001 | 2.6 | (2.3–3.0) | 1.3 | (1.1–1.5) | 0.004 | 1.8 | (1.3–2.6) | 1.6 | (1.1–2.4) | 0.029 |
Remoteness (ARIA) | |||||||||||||||
Inner Regional | 6.5 | (5.5–7.6) | 2.1 | (1.6–2.8) | <0.001 | 2.7 | (2.1–3.6) | 2.5 | (1.7–3.7) | <0.001 | 2.1 | (1.2–3.6) | 1.1 | (0.48–2.3) | 0.863 |
Outer Regional | 1.7 | (1.5–2.0) | 1.0 | (0.9–1.3) | 0.736 | 1.3 | (1.1–1.5) | 1.1 | (0.85–1.4) | 0.515 | 1.3 | (0.71–2.4) | 0.82 | (0.38–1.7) | 0.600 |
Socioeconomic Status | |||||||||||||||
Quintile III | 0.41 | (0.33–0.52) | 0.71 | (0.53–0.95) | 0.022 | 0.68 | (0.53–0.87) | 1.1 | (0.83–1.5) | 0.465 | 0.42 | (0.26–0.68) | 0.44 | (0.25–0.76) | 0.003 |
Quintile IV | 0.51 | (0.40–0.66) | 0.75 | (0.55–1.0) | 0.061 | 0.63 | (0.5–0.79) | 1.1 | (0.80–1.5) | 0.521 | 0.52 | (0.31–0.85) | 0.45 | (0.25–0.79) | 0.006 |
Quintile V | 0.23 | (0.19–0.28) | 0.58 | (0.44–0.75) | <0.001 | 0.52 | (0.43–0.64) | 0.86 | (0.64–1.2) | 0.344 | 0.28 | (0.18–0.43) | 0.29 | (0.17–0.49) | <0.001 |
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Agenson, T.; Katzenellenbogen, J.M.; Seth, R.; Dempsey, K.; Anderson, M.; Wade, V.; Bond-Smith, D. Case Ascertainment on Australian Registers for Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5505. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155505
Agenson T, Katzenellenbogen JM, Seth R, Dempsey K, Anderson M, Wade V, Bond-Smith D. Case Ascertainment on Australian Registers for Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(15):5505. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155505
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgenson, Treasure, Judith M. Katzenellenbogen, Rebecca Seth, Karen Dempsey, Mellise Anderson, Vicki Wade, and Daniela Bond-Smith. 2020. "Case Ascertainment on Australian Registers for Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5505. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155505