Self-Reported Oral Health, Oral Hygiene and Associated Factors in Lithuanian Adult Population, 1994–2014
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sample
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Year | Men n (%) | Women n (%) | Total (n) |
---|---|---|---|
1994 | 787 (42.2) | 1077 (57.8) | 1864 |
1996 | 920 (45.5) | 1101 (54.5) | 2021 |
1998 | 823 (43.9) | 1051 (56.1) | 1874 |
2000 | 996 (45.4) | 1199 (54.6) | 2195 |
2002 | 836 (44.4) | 1047 (55.6) | 1883 |
2004 | 784 (43.0) | 1038 (57.0) | 1822 |
2006 | 723 (41.6) | 1016 (58.4) | 1739 |
2008 | 737 (41.8) | 1026 (58.2) | 1763 |
2010 | 752 (37.7) | 1245 (62.3) | 1997 |
2012 | 725 (40.3) | 1076 (59.7) | 1801 |
2014 | 655 (40.9) | 946 (59.1) | 1601 |
Total | 8738 (42.5) | 11822 (57.5) | 20560 |
Characteristic | Men n = 8612 | Women n = 11719 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age groups | 0.011 | ||
20–34 | 31.9 | 30.4 * | |
35–44 | 24.3 | 23.8 | |
45–54 | 23.6 | 23.9 | |
55–64 | 20.2 | 21.9 * | |
Education | <0.001 | ||
Low | 45.2 | 35.8 * | |
Intermediate | 35.7 | 37.3 * | |
High | 19.1 | 26.9 * | |
Place of residence | <0.001 | ||
Cities | 42.1 | 45.5 * | |
Towns | 26.9 | 28.6 * | |
Villages | 31.0 | 25.9 * | |
Daily smoking | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 41.9 | 12.6 | |
No | 58.1 | 87.4 | |
Strong alcohol consumption at least ones a week | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 28.6 | 8.9 | |
No | 71.4 | 91.1 | |
Leisure-time physical activity | <0.001 | ||
≥4 days/week | 24.9 | 22.2 | |
<4 days/week | 75.1 | 77.8 | |
Daily fresh vegetable consumption | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 16.3 | 23.3 | |
No | 83.7 | 76.7 | |
Confectionary consumption | <0.001 | ||
≥3 days/week | 25.5 | 28.1 | |
<3 days/week | 74.5 | 71.9 | |
Body mass index | <0.001 | ||
Normal | 45.4 | 52.3 * | |
Overweight | 39.5 | 29.0 * | |
Obesity | 15.0 | 18.7 * | |
Toothache during past month | <0.001 | ||
Yes | 15.6 | 12.4 | |
No | 84.4 | 87.6 | |
Visits to a dentist during the past year | <0.001 | ||
No visit | 46.6 | 28.4 * | |
1–2 visits | 34.4 | 42.0 * | |
3 and more visits | 19.0 | 29.6 * | |
Tooth brushing ** | <0.001 | ||
At least twice a day | 24.7 | 49.5 | |
Once a day | 42.6 | 39.3 | |
Less often | 32.6 | 11.2 | |
Number of teeth | <0.001 | ||
All teeth | 17.9 | 16.4 * | |
Missing 1–5 teeth | 50.7 | 48.1 * | |
Missing 6–10 teeth | 16.0 | 17.7 * | |
Missing >10 teeth, but have some | 12.9 | 15.3 * | |
Edentulous | 2.5 | 2.5 |
Study Year | Men n = 8612 | Women n = 11719 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All Teeth | Missing 1–5 Teeth | Missing ≥6 Teeth | Edentulous | All Teeth | Missing 1–5 Teeth | Missing ≥6 Teeth | Edentulous | |
1994 | 17.5 | 54.2 | 26.4 | 1.9 | 12.5 | 45.9 | 38.2 | 3.3 |
1996 | 14.3 | 53.2 | 30.2 | 2.3 | 9.8 | 47.8 | 39.3 | 3.1 |
1998 | 12.7 | 55.4 | 30.0 | 2.0 | 13.4 | 50.7 | 33.7 | 2.2 |
2000 | 15.4 | 53.1 | 30.1 | 1.4 | 13.6 | 49.5 | 35.1 | 1.8 |
2002 | 19.2 | 49.6 | 29.5 | 1.7 | 17.6 | 50.0 | 30.0 | 2.3 |
2004 | 15.3 | 50.4 | 31.3 | 3.0 | 17.4 | 48.0 | 32.3 | 2.3 |
2006 | 17.1 | 49.6 | 30.6 | 2.7 | 18.4 | 48.9 | 30.2 | 2.6 |
2008 | 23.1 | 51.8 | 22.1 | 3.1 | 19.9 | 44.8 | 32.8 | 2.5 |
2010 | 21.5 | 44.7 | 30.4 | 3.4 | 19.2 | 47.7 | 30.9 | 2.2 |
2012 | 20.5 | 47.9 | 27.2 | 4.3 | 19.2 | 47.0 | 30.7 | 3.1 |
2014 | 23.0 | 44.6 | 29.6 | 2.8 | 19.6 | 49.2 | 28.4 | 2.8 |
β * | 0.836 | −0.945 | −0.088 | 0.192 | 0.945 | −0.056 | −0.875 | −0.007 |
p-value * | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.749 | 0.008 | <0.001 | 0.757 | 0.001 | 0.880 |
Risk Factor | Brushing Teeth at Least Twice a Day | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | |||||
OR | 95% CI | p-Value | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Age groups | ||||||
20–34 | 1 | 1 | ||||
35–44 | 0.82 | 0.70–0.98 | 0.025 | 0.95 | 0.83–1.09 | 0.477 |
45–54 | 0.75 | 0.62–0.91 | 0.003 | 0.97 | 0.84–1.13 | 0.70 |
55–64 | 0.62 | 0.50–0.79 | <0.001 | 0.77 | 0.65–0.91 | 0.003 |
Education | ||||||
Low | 1 | 1 | ||||
Intermediate | 1.19 | 1.02–1.38 | 0.023 | 1.37 | 1.23–1.54 | <0.001 |
High | 2.00 | 1.70–2.35 | <0.001 | 2.07 | 1.83–2.34 | <0.001 |
Place of residence | ||||||
Cities | 1 | 1 | ||||
Towns | 0.83 | 0.71–0.96 | 0.014 | 0.79 | 0.71–0.88 | <0.001 |
Villages | 0.53 | 0.45–0.62 | <0.001 | 0.60 | 0.53–0.68 | <0.001 |
Daily smoking | ||||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.63 | 0.55–0.72 | <0.001 | 0.82 | 0.71–0.94 | 0.004 |
Strong alcohol consumption at least ones a week | ||||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.86 | 0.75–0.99 | 0.043 | 0.88 | 0.75–1.03 | 0.099 |
Leisure-time physical activity | ||||||
<4 days/week | 1 | 1 | ||||
≥4 days/week | 1.31 | 1.14–1.52 | <0.001 | 0.97 | 0.87–1.09 | 0.654 |
Daily fresh vegetable consumption | ||||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 1.61 | 1.38–1.87 | <0.001 | 1.47 | 1.32–1.64 | <0.001 |
Confectionary consumption | ||||||
<3 days/week | 1 | 1 | ||||
≥3 days/week | 1.03 | 0.89–1.19 | 0.673 | 0.79 | 0.71–0.88 | <0.001 |
Body mass index | ||||||
Normal | 1 | 1 | ||||
Overweight | 1.09 | 0.94–1.25 | 0.255 | 0.72 | 0.64–0.81 | <0.001 |
Obesity | 0.74 | 0.60–0.90 | 0.003 | 0.49 | 0.43–0.57 | <0.001 |
Toothache during past month | ||||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.89 | 0.74–1.07 | 0.215 | 0.81 | 0.70–0.94 | 0.006 |
Visits to a dentist during the past year | ||||||
No visit | 1 | 1 | ||||
1–2 visits | 1.70 | 1.47–1.96 | <0.001 | 1.50 | 1.33–1.68 | <0.001 |
3 and more visits | 1.73 | 1.46–2.05 | <0.001 | 1.59 | 1.40–1.80 | <0.001 |
Number of teeth | ||||||
All teeth | 1 | 1 | ||||
Missing 1–5 teeth | 0.67 | 0.57–0.79 | <0.001 | 0.72 | 0.63–0.83 | <0.001 |
Missing 6 or more teeth | 0.41 | 0.33–0.51 | <0.001 | 0.53 | 0.44–0.62 | <0.001 |
Study year | 1.04 | 1.03–1.05 | <0.001 | 1.03 | 1.03–1.04 | <0.001 |
Risk Factor | Missing 6 Teeth or More | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men | Women | |||||
OR | 95 CI | p-Value | OR | 95 CI | p-Value | |
Age | ||||||
20–34 | 1 | 1 | ||||
35–44 | 6.43 | 5.03–8.22 | <0.001 | 5.62 | 4.59–6.88 | <0.001 |
45–54 | 18.11 | 14.19–23.11 | <0.001 | 16.32 | 13.32–20.00 | <0.001 |
55–64 | 38.83 | 29.91–50.40 | <0.001 | 31.05 | 24.95–38.64 | <0.001 |
Education | ||||||
Low | 1 | 1 | ||||
Intermediate | 0.82 | 0.70–0.95 | 0.009 | 0.79 | 0.69–0.90 | 0.001 |
High | 0.56 | 0.46–0.68 | <0.001 | 0.43 | 0.37–0.50 | <0.001 |
Place of residence | ||||||
Cities | 1 | 1 | ||||
Towns | 1.05 | 0.89–1.24 | 0.558 | 1.30 | 1.13–1.48 | <0.001 |
Villages | 1.21 | 1.03–1.43 | 0.024 | 1.52 | 1.31–1.76 | <0.001 |
Daily smoking | ||||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 1.78 | 1.54–2.05 | <0.001 | 1.52 | 1.28–1.80 | <0.001 |
Strong alcohol consumption at least ones a week | ||||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 1.05 | 0.90–1.21 | 0.545 | 1.18 | 0.97–1.43 | 0.090 |
Leisure-time physical activity | ||||||
<4 days/week | 1 | 1 | ||||
≥4 days/week | 1.11 | 0.95–1.29 | 0.201 | 1.00 | 0.88–1.14 | 0.998 |
Daily fresh vegetable consumption | ||||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 0.91 | 0.76–1.09 | 0.308 | 0.925 | 0.81–1.06 | 0.245 |
Confectionary consumption | ||||||
<3 days/week | 1 | 1 | ||||
≥3 days/week | 0.89 | 0.76–1.05 | 0.171 | 1.17 | 1.03–1.33 | 0.020 |
Body mass index | ||||||
Normal | 1 | 1 | ||||
Overweight | 0.85 | 0.73–0.99 | 0.036 | 1.28 | 1.12–1.47 | <0.001 |
Obesity | 1.05 | 0.86–1.27 | 0.634 | 1.66 | 1.42–1.94 | <0.001 |
Toothache during past month | ||||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 1.37 | 1.13–1.66 | 0.001 | 1.32 | 1.11–1.58 | 0.002 |
Visits to a dentist during the past year | ||||||
No visit | 1 | 1 | ||||
1–2 visits | 0.65 | 0.56–0.76 | <0.001 | 0.63 | 0.55–0.73 | <0.001 |
3 and more visits | 1.17 | 0.97–1.40 | 0.095 | 0.99 | 0.85–1.15 | 0.886 |
Tooth brushing | ||||||
At least twice a day | 1 | 1 | ||||
Less often or never | 1.77 | 1.48–2.10 | <0.001 | 1.46 | 1.30–1.65 | <0.001 |
Study year | 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | 0.196 | 0.97 | 0.96–0.98 | <0.001 |
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Raskiliene, A.; Kriaucioniene, V.; Siudikiene, J.; Petkeviciene, J. Self-Reported Oral Health, Oral Hygiene and Associated Factors in Lithuanian Adult Population, 1994–2014. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155331
Raskiliene A, Kriaucioniene V, Siudikiene J, Petkeviciene J. Self-Reported Oral Health, Oral Hygiene and Associated Factors in Lithuanian Adult Population, 1994–2014. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(15):5331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155331
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaskiliene, Asta, Vilma Kriaucioniene, Jolanta Siudikiene, and Janina Petkeviciene. 2020. "Self-Reported Oral Health, Oral Hygiene and Associated Factors in Lithuanian Adult Population, 1994–2014" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155331