The Effect of Physical Activity and High Body Mass Index on Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome
by
Alba Marcos-Delgado 1, Tania Fernández-Villa 1,*
, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González 2,3,4, Jordi Salas-Salvadó 2,5,6,7, Dolores Corella 2,8, Olga Castañer 2,9, J. Alfredo Martínez 2,10,11, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez 2,12, Julia Wärnberg 2,13, Jesús Vioque 14,15, Dora Romaguera 2,16, José López-Miranda 2,17, Ramon Estruch 2,18, Francisco J Tinahones 2,19, José Lapetra 2,20, J. LLuís Serra-Majem 2,21, Laura García-Molina 14,22, Josep A. Tur 2,16,23, 
José Antonio de Paz 1, Xavier Pintó 2,24, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez 25,26, Pilar Matía-Martín 27, Josep Vidal 28,29, Clotilde Vázquez 2,30, Lidia Daimiel 31, Emilio Ros 2,32, Nancy Babio 2,5,7, Ignacio M Gimenez-Alba 2,8, Estefanía Toledo 2,3, María Dolores Zomeño 9, M. A. Zulet 10, Jessica Vaquero-Luna 12, Jessica Pérez-López 2,13, Ana Pastor-Morel 33, Aina M Galmes-Panades 2,16, Antonio García-Rios 2,17, Rosa Casas 2,18, María Rosa Bernal-López 2,34, José Manuel Santos-Lozano 2,20, Nerea Becerra-Tomás 2,5,7,8, Carolina Ortega-Azorin 2,8, Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz 2,3, Karla Alejandra Pérez-Vega 9, Itziar Abete 10, Carolina Sorto-Sánchez 12, Antoni Palau-Galindo 2,5,7, Iñigo Galilea-Zabalza 2, Júlia Muñoz-Martínez 9 and Vicente Martín 1,14,†
for the PREDIMED-Plus Investigators
Alba Marcos-Delgado 1, Tania Fernández-Villa 1,*, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González 2,3,4, Jordi Salas-Salvadó 2,5,6,7, Dolores Corella 2,8, Olga Castañer 2,9, J. Alfredo Martínez 2,10,11, Ángel M. Alonso-Gómez 2,12, Julia Wärnberg 2,13, Jesús Vioque 14,15, Dora Romaguera 2,16, José López-Miranda 2,17, Ramon Estruch 2,18, Francisco J Tinahones 2,19, José Lapetra 2,20, J. LLuís Serra-Majem 2,21, Laura García-Molina 14,22, Josep A. Tur 2,16,23, José Antonio de Paz 1, Xavier Pintó 2,24, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez 25,26, Pilar Matía-Martín 27, Josep Vidal 28,29, Clotilde Vázquez 2,30, Lidia Daimiel 31, Emilio Ros 2,32, Nancy Babio 2,5,7, Ignacio M Gimenez-Alba 2,8, Estefanía Toledo 2,3, María Dolores Zomeño 9, M. A. Zulet 10, Jessica Vaquero-Luna 12, Jessica Pérez-López 2,13, Ana Pastor-Morel 33, Aina M Galmes-Panades 2,16, Antonio García-Rios 2,17, Rosa Casas 2,18, María Rosa Bernal-López 2,34, José Manuel Santos-Lozano 2,20, Nerea Becerra-Tomás 2,5,7,8, Carolina Ortega-Azorin 2,8, Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz 2,3, Karla Alejandra Pérez-Vega 9, Itziar Abete 10, Carolina Sorto-Sánchez 12, Antoni Palau-Galindo 2,5,7, Iñigo Galilea-Zabalza 2, Júlia Muñoz-Martínez 9 and Vicente Martín 1,14,†
for the PREDIMED-Plus Investigators
1
Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
2
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28040 Madrid, Spain
3
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
4
Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
5
Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
6
Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
7
Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
8
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
9
Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
10
Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
11
Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
12
Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
13
Department of Nursing, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
14
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
15
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain
16
Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
17
Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
18
Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
19
Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
20
Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 29009 Sevilla, Spain
21
Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria & Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
22
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
23
Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
24
Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
25
Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
26
Division of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
27
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
28
CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
29
Department of Endocrinology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
30
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD, University Autonoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
31
Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
32
Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
33
Centro de Salud Cabo Huertas, 03540 Alicante, Spain
34
Departament of Internal Medicine, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
PREDIMED-Plus study investigators.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(10), 3728; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103728
Received: 12 April 2020 / Revised: 11 May 2020 / Accepted: 21 May 2020 / Published: 25 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in Public Health)
The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the level of physical activity (PA) and the degree of obesity with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) who participated in the Predimed-Plus study. A total of 6875 subjects between 55 and 75 years of age with MetS were selected and randomized in 23 Spanish centers. Subjects were classified according to categories of body mass index (BMI). PA was measured with the validated Registre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) questionnaire and subjects were classified according to their PA level (light, moderate, vigorous) and the HRQoL was measured with the validated short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. By using the ANOVA model, we found a positive and statistically significant association between the level of PA and the HRQoL (aggregated physical and mental dimensions p < 0.001), but a negative association with higher BMI in aggregated physical dimensions p < 0.001. Furthermore, women obtained lower scores compared with men, more five points in all fields of SF-36. Therefore, it is essential to promote PA and body weight control from primary care consultations to improve HRQoL, paying special attention to the differences that sex incurs.
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Keywords:
health-related quality of life; physical activity; obesity; body mass index; metabolic syndrome
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MDPI and ACS Style
Marcos-Delgado, A.; Fernández-Villa, T.; Martínez-González, M.Á.; Salas-Salvadó, J.; Corella, D.; Castañer, O.; Martínez, J.A.; Alonso-Gómez, Á.M.; Wärnberg, J.; Vioque, J.; Romaguera, D.; López-Miranda, J.; Estruch, R.; Tinahones, F.J.; Lapetra, J.; Serra-Majem, J.L.; García-Molina, L.; Tur, J.A.; de Paz, J.A.; Pintó, X.; Delgado-Rodríguez, M.; Matía-Martín, P.; Vidal, J.; Vázquez, C.; Daimiel, L.; Ros, E.; Babio, N.; Gimenez-Alba, I.M.; Toledo, E.; Zomeño, M.D.; Zulet, M.A.; Vaquero-Luna, J.; Pérez-López, J.; Pastor-Morel, A.; Galmes-Panades, A.M.; García-Rios, A.; Casas, R.; Bernal-López, M.R.; Santos-Lozano, J.M.; Becerra-Tomás, N.; Ortega-Azorin, C.; Vázquez-Ruiz, Z.; Pérez-Vega, K.A.; Abete, I.; Sorto-Sánchez, C.; Palau-Galindo, A.; Galilea-Zabalza, I.; Muñoz-Martínez, J.; Martín, V., for the PREDIMED-Plus Investigators; The Effect of Physical Activity and High Body Mass Index on Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3728.
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