Sociodemographic Factors Associated with the Knowledge and Use of Birth Control Methods in Adolescents before and after Pregnancy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Subjects
2.2. Assessments
2.3. Operational Definitions
2.4. Ethical Considerations
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Knowledge about Sexuality and Birth Control Methods
3.3. Use of Birth Control Methods before and after Pregnancy
4. Discussion
4.1. Sociodemographic and Initiation of Sexual Life
4.2. Information about Sexuality and Birth Control Methods
4.3. Use of Birth Control Methods
4.4. Postpartum Use of Birth Control Methods
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ENSANUT | Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (National of Health and Nutrition Survey) |
INPer | Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (National Institute of Perinatology) |
WHO | World Health Organization |
Ethics approval and consent to participate | Ethical approval for the study was granted by the National Institute of Perinatology Review Board (registration number 212250-49451). Written informed consent to participate in the study, was obtained before enrollment. |
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Characteristics | Users n = 318 | No Users n = 282 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD* | Min-max | |||
Age (years) | 15.4 ± 1 | 15.2 ± 1 | 11–19 | 0.046 |
Age at menarche (years) | 11.8 ± 1. | 11.6 ± 1 | 8–15 | 0.051 |
Initiation of prenatal care (weeks of gestation) | 16.2 ± 5 | 12 (8–16) | 9–37 | 0.491 |
Initiation of sexual life (years) | 14.5 ± 1.1 | 14.4 ± | 10–18 | 0.114 |
Number of sexual partners ** | 1 (1,1) | 1 (1,1) | 1–5 | 0.694 |
Age of the mother of the adolescent (years) ** | 39 (36–46) | 38(35–43) | 29–58 | 0.722 |
Age of the father of the adolescent (years) ** | 41 (37–46) | 42 (37–46) | 29–68 | 0.709 |
Age of the adolescent’s mother at her first pregnancy (years) ** | 20 (18–23) | 19 (17–23) | 14–39 | 0.799 |
Age of the adolescent’s father at his first child (years) ** | 22 (19–25) | 23 (20–26) | 15–54 | 0.322 |
Age of adolescent’s partner (years) ** | 18 (17–20) | 18 (16–19) | 17–43 | 0.063 |
Users n = 318 (53%) | Non-Users n = 282 (47%) | p-Value * | Chi-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Risk of pregnancy | 308 (97) | 265 (94) | 0.134 | 1.187 |
The importance of self-care | 318 (100) | 265 (94) | 0.003 | 13.791 |
The importance of being responsible | 318 (100) | 270 (96) | 0.001 | 15.588 |
The possibility of infection by HIV | 308 (97) | 268 (95) | 0.001 | 16.306 |
Birth control methods | 315 (99) | 26 (95) | 0.029 | 6.058 |
Variables | Before Pregnancy | After Pregnancy | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Users n = 318 | Non-Users n = 282 | p-Value * | Users n = 382 | Non-Users n = 213 | p-Value * | ||
Level of education | Low | 154 (52) | 214 (71) | 0.001 | 224 (59) | 143 (67) | 0.041 |
High | 143 (48) | 82 (29) | 158 (41) | 70 (33) | |||
Educational lag | No | 212 (71) | 155 (51) | 0.001 | 253 (66) | 113 (53) | 0.002 |
Yes | 85 (29) | 148 (49) | 129 (34) | 100 (47) | |||
Student | Yes | 102 (34) | 43 (14) | 0.001 | 119 (31) | 26 (12) | 0.001 |
No | 195 (66) | 260 (86) | 263 (68) | 187 (88) | |||
Source of information about birth control methods | Mother | 190 (60) | 147 (52) | 0.034 | 221 (58) | 117 (55) | 0.490 |
Other | 127 (40) | 135 (48) | 161 (42) | 96 (45) | |||
Occupation of the mother | Housewife | 168 (58) | 139 (51) | 0.042 | 215 (56) | 110 (52) | 0.276 |
Employee | 119 (41) | 134 (49) | 167 (44) | 103 (48) | |||
Socioeconomic level | Average or slightly below | 214 (67) | 177 (63) | 0.141 | 265 (69) | 124 (58) | 0.004 |
Low | 104 (32) | 105 (37) | 117 (31) | 89 (42) | |||
Family structure | Nuclear | 207 (65) | 166 (59) | 0.093 | 242 (63) | 126 (59) | 0.312 |
Other | 111 (35) | 122 (41) | 140 (37) | 87 (41) | |||
Age of initiation of sexual life | ≥15 years | 181 (57) | 146 (52) | 0.137 | 209 (55) | 101 (47) | 0.088 |
<15 years | 136 (43) | 135 (48) | 173 (45) | 112 (53) | |||
Age | ≥15 years | 197 (62) | 124 (44) | 0.001 | 199 (52) | 106 (50) | 0.323 |
<15 years | 121 (38) | 158 (56) | 183 (48) | 107 (50) | |||
Planned pregnancy | 64 (22) | 62 (19) | 0.171 | 81 (79) | 45 (21) | 0.981 |
Variables | Before Pregnancy | After Pregnancy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p-Value | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
<15 years old | 1.950 | 1.284–2.973 | 0.002 | 1.084 | 0.701–1.679 | 0.716 |
Low level of education | 1.578 | 1.033–2.410 | 0.035 | 1.173 | 0.717–1.842 | 0.489 |
Drop-out of school | 2.824 | 1.796–4.440 | <0.001 | 2.823 | 1667–4.780 | <0.001 |
Educational lag | 2.157 | 1.442–3.227 | <0.001 | 1.362 | 0.952–2.056 | 0.141 |
Information from someone different to the mother about birth control methods | 1.054 | 1.009–1.102 | 0.019 | 0.994 | 0.994–1.039 | 0.799 |
Did not use a birth control method before pregnancy | 2.392 | 1.599–3.578 | <0.001 | |||
Constant | 0.019 | <0.001 | 0.116 | <0.001 |
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Share and Cite
Sámano, R.; Martínez-Rojano, H.; Chico-Barba, G.; Sánchez-Jiménez, B.; Sam-Soto, S.; Rodríguez-Ventura, A.L.; Mejía-Luna, L.; Sclavo-Melo, S. Sociodemographic Factors Associated with the Knowledge and Use of Birth Control Methods in Adolescents before and after Pregnancy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061022
Sámano R, Martínez-Rojano H, Chico-Barba G, Sánchez-Jiménez B, Sam-Soto S, Rodríguez-Ventura AL, Mejía-Luna L, Sclavo-Melo S. Sociodemographic Factors Associated with the Knowledge and Use of Birth Control Methods in Adolescents before and after Pregnancy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(6):1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061022
Chicago/Turabian StyleSámano, Reyna, Hugo Martínez-Rojano, Gabriela Chico-Barba, Bernarda Sánchez-Jiménez, Selene Sam-Soto, Ana Lilia Rodríguez-Ventura, Laura Mejía-Luna, and Sylvia Sclavo-Melo. 2019. "Sociodemographic Factors Associated with the Knowledge and Use of Birth Control Methods in Adolescents before and after Pregnancy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6: 1022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061022