Next Article in Journal
The Use of Wearable Sensors in Human Movement Analysis in Non-Swimming Aquatic Activities: A Systematic Review
Next Article in Special Issue
Overweight in Young Athletes: New Predictive Model of Overfat Condition
Previous Article in Journal
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Extreme Heat in Odisha, India: A Community Based Comparative Study
Article

Classic Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Reference Values for Assessing Body Composition in Male and Female Athletes

1
Departments of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy
2
Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
3
Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, 40121 Bolzano, Italy
4
Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
5
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, 00175 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(24), 5066; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245066
Received: 15 November 2019 / Revised: 6 December 2019 / Accepted: 10 December 2019 / Published: 12 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Body Composition and Physical Health in Sports Practice)
Bioimpedance standards are well established for the normal healthy population and in clinical settings, but they are not available for many sports categories. The aim of this study was to develop reference values for male and female athletes using classic bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA). In this study, 1556 athletes engaged in different sports were evaluated during their off-season period. A tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analyzer was used to determine measurements of resistance (R) and reactance (Xc). The classic BIVA procedure, which corrects bioelectrical values for body height, was applied, and fat-free mass, fat mass, and total body water were estimated. In order to verify the need for specific references, classic bioelectrical values were compared to the reference values for the general male and female populations. Additionally, athletes were divided into three groups: endurance, velocity/power, and team sports. In comparison with the general healthy male and female populations, the mean vectors of the athletes showed a shift to the left on the R–Xc graph. Considering the same set of modalities, BIVA confidence graphs showed that male and female endurance athletes presented lower body fluids, fat mass, and fat-free mass than other sets of modalities. This study provides BIVA reference values for an athletic population that can be used as a standard for assessing body composition in male and female athletes. View Full-Text
Keywords: BIVA; confidence ellipses; phase angle; R–Xc graph; tolerance ellipses BIVA; confidence ellipses; phase angle; R–Xc graph; tolerance ellipses
Show Figures

Figure 1

MDPI and ACS Style

Campa, F.; Matias, C.; Gatterer, H.; Toselli, S.; Koury, J.C.; Andreoli, A.; Melchiorri, G.; Sardinha, L.B.; Silva, A.M. Classic Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Reference Values for Assessing Body Composition in Male and Female Athletes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 5066. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245066

AMA Style

Campa F, Matias C, Gatterer H, Toselli S, Koury JC, Andreoli A, Melchiorri G, Sardinha LB, Silva AM. Classic Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Reference Values for Assessing Body Composition in Male and Female Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(24):5066. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245066

Chicago/Turabian Style

Campa, Francesco, Catarina Matias, Hannes Gatterer, Stefania Toselli, Josely C. Koury, Angela Andreoli, Giovanni Melchiorri, Luis B. Sardinha, and Analiza M. Silva. 2019. "Classic Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Reference Values for Assessing Body Composition in Male and Female Athletes" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24: 5066. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245066

Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Access Map by Country/Region

1
Back to TopTop