Endocrine Responses to Various 1 × 1 Small-Sided Games in Youth Soccer Players

Chmura, Paweł; Podgórski, Tomasz; Konefał, Marek; Rokita, Andrzej; Chmura, Jan; Andrzejewski, Marcin

doi:10.3390/ijerph16244974

Open AccessArticle

Endocrine Responses to Various 1 × 1 Small-Sided Games in Youth Soccer Players

by

Paweł Chmura

¹

,

Tomasz Podgórski

²

,

Marek Konefał

^3,*

,

Andrzej Rokita

¹

,

Jan Chmura

³ and

Marcin Andrzejewski

⁴

¹

Department of Team Games, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland

²

Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland

³

Department of Biological and Motor Sport Bases, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland

⁴

Department of Methodology of Recreation, Poznań University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(24), 4974; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244974

Submission received: 28 October 2019 / Revised: 22 November 2019 / Accepted: 5 December 2019 / Published: 6 December 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health, Exercise and Sports Performance)

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine relationships between repeated 1 × 1 small-sided games (SSGs) (variable duration, constant work-to-rest ratio) and the concentration of steroid hormones and characteristic fatigue markers in youth soccer players. Eighteen young male soccer players were assigned at random to two experimental groups: E1—undertaking a six 30 s one-on-one SSGs with a 2 min rest period; and E2—playing six 45 s SSGs with a 3 min rest interval. Capillary blood was collected from the players at rest, after the last game, and 15 and 30 min after the exercise protocol. The variables assessed included serum cortisol (C), free testosterone (FT) and total testosterone (TT). An effect was observed between the measurement times (TT (F = 15.26, p ≤ 0.0001), FT (F = 6.86, p = 0.0006)). In terms of cortisol (C) levels, no interactions or effect between the studied groups were revealed, but an interaction was found (F = 4.01, p = 0.0126) and the effect appeared between the measurement times (F = 11.16, p ≤ 0.0001). The study results show that in all likelihood, longer rest intervals in repeated 30 s 1 × 1 SSGs can reduce catabolic reactions and hence the risk of overtraining in youth soccer players.

Keywords: small-sided games; cortisol; testosterone; T/C ratio; hormones; soccer

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chmura, P.; Podgórski, T.; Konefał, M.; Rokita, A.; Chmura, J.; Andrzejewski, M. Endocrine Responses to Various 1 × 1 Small-Sided Games in Youth Soccer Players. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244974

AMA Style

Chmura P, Podgórski T, Konefał M, Rokita A, Chmura J, Andrzejewski M. Endocrine Responses to Various 1 × 1 Small-Sided Games in Youth Soccer Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(24):4974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244974

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chmura, Paweł, Tomasz Podgórski, Marek Konefał, Andrzej Rokita, Jan Chmura, and Marcin Andrzejewski. 2019. "Endocrine Responses to Various 1 × 1 Small-Sided Games in Youth Soccer Players" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24: 4974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244974

APA Style

Chmura, P., Podgórski, T., Konefał, M., Rokita, A., Chmura, J., & Andrzejewski, M. (2019). Endocrine Responses to Various 1 × 1 Small-Sided Games in Youth Soccer Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 4974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244974

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Endocrine Responses to Various 1 × 1 Small-Sided Games in Youth Soccer Players

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