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Volume 16
Issue 21
10.3390/ijerph16214262
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Article

Associations between Respiratory Health Outcomes and Coal Mine Fire PM2.5 Smoke Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study

by
Amanda L. Johnson
1,
Caroline X. Gao
1,
Martine Dennekamp
1,
Grant J. Williamson
2,
David Brown
1,
Matthew T. C. Carroll
3,
Jillian F. Ikin
1,
Anthony Del Monaco
1,
Michael J. Abramson
1 and
Yuming Guo
1,*
1
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
2
School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
3
Monash Rural Health – Churchill, Monash University, Northways Rd, Churchill, VIC 3842, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(21), 4262; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214262
Received: 23 September 2019 / Revised: 17 October 2019 / Accepted: 31 October 2019 / Published: 2 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)
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Abstract

In 2014, wildfires ignited a fire in the Morwell open cut coal mine, Australia, which burned for six weeks. This study examined associations between self-reported respiratory outcomes in adults and mine fire-related PM2.5 smoke exposure. Self-reported data were collected as part of the Hazelwood Health Study Adult Survey. Eligible participants were adult residents of Morwell. Mine fire-related PM2.5 concentrations were provided by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship. Personalised mean 24-h and peak 12-h mine fire-related PM2.5 exposures were estimated for each participant. Data were analysed by multivariate logistic regression. There was some evidence of an association between respiratory outcomes and mine fire PM2.5 exposure. Chronic cough was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.13 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.23) per 10 μg/m3 increment in mean PM2.5 and 1.07 (1.02 to 1.12) per 100 μg/m3 increment in peak PM2.5. Current wheeze was associated with peak PM2.5, OR = 1.06 (1.02 to 1.11) and chronic phlegm with mean PM2.5 OR = 1.10 (1.00 to 1.20). Coal mine PM2.5 smoke exposure was associated with increased odds of experiencing cough, phlegm and wheeze. Males, participants 18–64 years, and those residing in homes constructed from non-brick/concrete materials or homes with tin/metal roofs had higher estimated ORs. These findings contribute to the formation of public health policy responses. View Full-Text
Keywords: fine particulates (PM2.5); surveys; cough; wheeze; sputum fine particulates (PM2.5); surveys; cough; wheeze; sputum
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MDPI and ACS Style

Johnson, A.L.; Gao, C.X.; Dennekamp, M.; Williamson, G.J.; Brown, D.; Carroll, M.T.C.; Ikin, J.F.; Del Monaco, A.; Abramson, M.J.; Guo, Y. Associations between Respiratory Health Outcomes and Coal Mine Fire PM2.5 Smoke Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214262

AMA Style

Johnson AL, Gao CX, Dennekamp M, Williamson GJ, Brown D, Carroll MTC, Ikin JF, Del Monaco A, Abramson MJ, Guo Y. Associations between Respiratory Health Outcomes and Coal Mine Fire PM2.5 Smoke Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(21):4262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214262

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johnson, Amanda L.; Gao, Caroline X.; Dennekamp, Martine; Williamson, Grant J.; Brown, David; Carroll, Matthew T.C.; Ikin, Jillian F.; Del Monaco, Anthony; Abramson, Michael J.; Guo, Yuming. 2019. "Associations between Respiratory Health Outcomes and Coal Mine Fire PM2.5 Smoke Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study" Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16, no. 21: 4262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214262

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