Parental Socialization, School Adjustment and Cyber-Aggression among Adolescents
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Multivariate Factor Analysis
3.2. Parental Socialization Style
3.3. Demographic Variable: Gender
3.4. Interaction Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total Sample | Indulgent | Authoritative | Authoritarian | Neglectful | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | 1304 | 367 | 323 | 275 | 339 |
Percent | 100 | 28 | 25 | 21 | 26 |
Acceptance/Involvement | |||||
Mean | 3.13 | 3.39 | 3.49 | 2.80 | 2.78 |
SD | 0.43 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.32 |
Severity/Imposition | |||||
Mean | 1.98 | 1.77 | 2.31 | 2.27 | 1.64 |
SD | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.23 |
Sociodemographic variables | |||||
Occupation Yes | 923 | 231 | 241 | 195 | 256 |
Occupation No | 381 | 136 | 82 | 80 | 83 |
Primary education | 236 | 63 | 57 | 62 | 54 |
Secondary education | 691 | 179 | 177 | 144 | 191 |
University | 377 | 125 | 89 | 69 | 94 |
Λ | F | glbetween | glerror | η2p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(A) Parenting Style a | 0.94 | 4.63 *** | 15 | 3081.19 | 0.02 |
(B) Gender b | 0.95 | 12.05 *** | 5 | 1116.00 | 0.05 |
A × B | 0.97 | 2.54 * | 15 | 3081.19 | 0.01 |
Parenting Style | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indulgent | Authoritative | Authoritarian | Neglectful | F | η2p | |
SI | 4.61 (1.76) | 4.65 (1.60) | 4.39 (1.64) | 4.47 (1.65) | 1.439 | 0.00 |
AC | 5.69 (2.00) a | 5.47 (2.00) a | 4.95 (2.09) b | 5.32 (2.02) | 6.512 *** | 0.02 |
FI | 6.06 (1.71) a | 6.00 (1.83) a | 5.54 (2.13) b | 5.48 (2.14) b | 7.904 *** | 0.02 |
DC | 1.05 (0.16) b | 1.06 (0.18) b | 1.16 (0.46) a | 1.05 (0.16) b | 14.312 *** | 0.03 |
IC | 1.13 (0.26) b | 1.19 (0.37) b | 1.30 (0.51) a | 1.14 (0.31) b | 12.709 *** | 0.03 |
Gender | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | F | η2p | |
SI | 4.33 (1.80) | 4.71 (1.51) | 14.380 *** | 0.01 |
AC | 4.98 (2.04) | 5.71 (1.98) | 37.925 *** | 0.03 |
FI | 5.69 (2.13) | 5.87 (1.80) | 2.505 | 0.00 |
DC | 1.10 (0.33) | 1.06 (0.18) | 11.469 ** | 0.01 |
IC | 1.19 (0.39) | 1.18 (0.35) | 0.386 | 0.00 |
Parenting Style | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Indulgent | Authoritative | Authoritarian | Neglectful | F(3, 1120) | η2p | |
SI | Boys | 4.25 (1.97) b | 4.60 (1.75) | 4.31 (1.71) | 4.19 (1.75) b | 3.19 * | 0.01 |
Girls | 4.93 (1.48) a | 4.69 (1.47) | 4.47 (1.56) | 4.70 (1.53) | |||
DC | Boys | 1.04 (0.09) b | 1.06 (0.20) b | 1.27 (0.60) a | 1.05 (0.13) b | 8.57 *** | 0.02 |
Girls | 1.05 (0.20) b | 1.05 (0.16) b | 1.06 (0.18) b | 1.04 (0.19) b | |||
DI | Boys | 1.11 (0.19) b | 1.17 (0.36) b | 1.39 (0.63) a | 1.12 (0.21) b | 5.71 ** | 0.02 |
Girls | 1.15 (0.31) b | 1.21 (0.38) b | 1.20 (0.33) b | 1.16 (0.37) b |
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Martínez-Ferrer, B.; León-Moreno, C.; Musitu-Ferrer, D.; Romero-Abrio, A.; Callejas-Jerónimo, J.E.; Musitu-Ochoa, G. Parental Socialization, School Adjustment and Cyber-Aggression among Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4005. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204005
Martínez-Ferrer B, León-Moreno C, Musitu-Ferrer D, Romero-Abrio A, Callejas-Jerónimo JE, Musitu-Ochoa G. Parental Socialization, School Adjustment and Cyber-Aggression among Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(20):4005. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204005
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartínez-Ferrer, Belén, Celeste León-Moreno, Daniel Musitu-Ferrer, Ana Romero-Abrio, Juan Evaristo Callejas-Jerónimo, and Gonzalo Musitu-Ochoa. 2019. "Parental Socialization, School Adjustment and Cyber-Aggression among Adolescents" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20: 4005. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204005
APA StyleMartínez-Ferrer, B., León-Moreno, C., Musitu-Ferrer, D., Romero-Abrio, A., Callejas-Jerónimo, J. E., & Musitu-Ochoa, G. (2019). Parental Socialization, School Adjustment and Cyber-Aggression among Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20), 4005. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204005