Does Dog Ownership Affect Physical Activity, Sleep, and Self-Reported Health in Older Adults?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. General Procedures
2.3. Measurement
2.3.1. Accelerometer
2.3.2. IPAQ
2.3.3. SF 36
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Results
3.2. Results of Dog Owners vs. Non-Dog Owners
3.2.1. Accelerometer—Step Count, Activity Time, Distance, and Calorie Count
3.2.2. Accelerometer—Sleep Qualities
3.2.3. IPAQ
3.2.4. SF 36
4. Discussion
Limits
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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DO (n = 26) | NDO (n = 18) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex (% of males) | 0.54 | 0.22 | 0.0773 |
Living alone (%) | 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.8486 |
Employed (%) | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.9619 |
Mean age ± SD (years) | 68 ± 5.4 | 71 ± 5.5 | 0.0734 |
Mean length of education ± SD (years) | 14 ± 3.3 | 12 ± 3.1 | 0.1124 |
Mean height ± SD (cm) | 170.2 ± 6.7 | 166.3 ± 6.5 | 0.1662 |
Mean weight ± SD (kg) | 75.8 ± 15.5 | 80.4 ± 21.5 | 0.3901 |
Mean BMI ± SD (kg.m–1) | 26.1 ± 4.1 | 28.8 ± 5.4 | 0.0213 |
DO | NDO | p-Value | Effect Size | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Step count/day | 9961 ± 5213 | 5247 ± 2644 | 0.0003 | 0.50 |
Activity time (min)/day | 127 ± 62 | 73 ± 28 | 0.0001 | 0.50 |
Distance (km)/day | 6.7 ± 3.8 | 3.5 ± 1.8 | 0.0006 | 0.47 |
Calories/day | 200 ± 97 | 112 ± 60 | 0.0014 | 0.48 |
Sleep length (min)/day | 447 ± 87 | 394 ± 86 | 0.0593 | 0.29 |
Light sleep length (min)/day | 309 ± 50 | 273 ± 55 | 0.0401 | 0.32 |
Deep sleep length (min)/day | 136 ± 50 | 124 ± 56 | 0.5192 | 0.11 |
Awake time at night (min)/day | 13 ± 15 | 20 ± 21 | 0.2058 | −0.18 |
DO | NDO | p-Value | Effect Size | |
---|---|---|---|---|
VPA (min)/week | 50 ± 70 | 8 ± 29 | 0.0610 | 0.36 |
MPA (min)/week | 73 ± 52 | 52 ± 49 | 0.1774 | 0.20 |
Walking (min)/week | 128 ± 48 | 99 ± 58 | 0.0661 | 0.26 |
Total PA (min)/week | 252 ± 126 | 158 ± 80 | 0.0170 | 0.41 |
Sitting (min)/week | 353 ± 125 | 363 ± 142 | 0.8113 | −0.04 |
VPA (MET-min)/week | 1123 ± 1847 | 173 ± 678 | 0.0643 | 0.32 |
MPA (MET-min)/week | 700 ± 589 | 447 ± 619 | 0.0879 | 0.20 |
Walking (MET-min)/week | 2910 ± 1114 | 1904 ± 1143 | 0.0075 | 0.41 |
Total PA (MET-min)/week | 4733 ± 2671 | 2524 ± 1557 | 0.0021 | 0.45 |
Calories/week | 6032 ± 3759 | 3186 ± 1876 | 0.0020 | 0.43 |
PA level (n) | ||||
High | 16 | 5 | ||
Moderate | 10 | 9 | ||
Low | 0 | 4 |
DO | NDO | p-Value | Effect Size | |
---|---|---|---|---|
General health | 72 ± 15 | 46 ± 14 | 0.0000 | 0.67 |
Health change | 47 ± 11 | 43 ± 14 | 0.3771 | 0.16 |
Physical functioning | 88 ± 12 | 72 ± 22 | 0.0009 | 0.41 |
Role of limitations due to physical health | 85 ± 27 | 71 ± 33 | 0.1555 | 0.23 |
Role of limitations due to emotional problems | 86 ± 29 | 83 ± 26 | 0.6416 | 0.05 |
Social functioning | 90 ± 18 | 76 ± 18 | 0.0103 | 0.36 |
Pain | 78 ± 19 | 62 ± 22 | 0.0159 | 0.36 |
Vitality | 67 ± 15 | 47 ± 6 | 0.0000 | 0.66 |
Emotional well-being | 80 ± 12 | 69 ± 13 | 0.0086 | 0.40 |
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Mičková, E.; Machová, K.; Daďová, K.; Svobodová, I. Does Dog Ownership Affect Physical Activity, Sleep, and Self-Reported Health in Older Adults? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183355
Mičková E, Machová K, Daďová K, Svobodová I. Does Dog Ownership Affect Physical Activity, Sleep, and Self-Reported Health in Older Adults? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(18):3355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183355
Chicago/Turabian StyleMičková, Eliška, Kristýna Machová, Klára Daďová, and Ivona Svobodová. 2019. "Does Dog Ownership Affect Physical Activity, Sleep, and Self-Reported Health in Older Adults?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18: 3355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183355