Determinants of Postponed Dental Visits Due to Costs: Evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Germany
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample
2.2. Outcome Measure: Postponed Visits to the Dentist for Financial Reasons
2.3. Independent Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Regression Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings
4.2. Previous Research and Possible Explanations
4.3. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N | % | |
---|---|---|
Sex: Female | 210 | 58.0% |
Marital status: married and living together with spouse; registered partnership: | 208 | 57.5% |
Education (International Standard Classification of Education; ISCED-97): | ||
Lower level (0–2) | 64 | 17.7% |
Intermediary level (3–4) | 222 | 61.3% |
Tertiary level (5–6) | 76 | 21.0% |
Self-rated health: | ||
“Excellent” (1) | 13 | 3.6% |
“Very good” (2) | 30 | 8.3% |
“Good” (3) | 103 | 28.4% |
“Fair” (4) | 147 | 40.6% |
“Poor” (5) | 69 | 19.1% |
Mean | SD | |
Age in years | 63.6 | 9.0 |
Household total net income (per year) in Euros | 22,376.4 | 17,706.6 |
Number of chronic diseases | 1.5 | 1.4 |
Self-rated health (from 1 = “excellent” to 5 = “poor”) | 3.6 | 1.0 |
Independent Variables | Postponed Dental Visits for Financial Reasons |
---|---|
Age | 0.57 *** |
(0.47–0.67) | |
Marital status: married and living together with spouse or registered partnership (reference category: other married (living separated from spouse; never married; divorced; widowed)) | 3.26 |
(0.20–52.89) | |
Income§ | 1.00 * |
(1.00–1.00) | |
Number of chronic diseases | 0.61 ** |
(0.43–0.88) | |
Self-rated health (from 1 = “excellent” to 5 = “poor”) | 1.09 |
(0.74–1.60) | |
Observations | 362 |
Number of individuals | 181 |
Pseudo R2 | 0.25 |
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Aarabi, G.; Valdez, R.; Spinler, K.; Walther, C.; Seedorf, U.; Heydecke, G.; König, H.-H.; Hajek, A. Determinants of Postponed Dental Visits Due to Costs: Evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Germany. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183344
Aarabi G, Valdez R, Spinler K, Walther C, Seedorf U, Heydecke G, König H-H, Hajek A. Determinants of Postponed Dental Visits Due to Costs: Evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(18):3344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183344
Chicago/Turabian StyleAarabi, Ghazal, Richelle Valdez, Kristin Spinler, Carolin Walther, Udo Seedorf, Guido Heydecke, Hans-Helmut König, and André Hajek. 2019. "Determinants of Postponed Dental Visits Due to Costs: Evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Germany" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18: 3344. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183344