Use of Flavored E-Cigarettes and the Type of E-Cigarette Devices Used among Adults and Youth in the US—Results from Wave 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2015–2016)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Nicotine Use Behavior
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics of Past 30-Day Adult and Youth E-Cigarette Users
3.2. Flavor Category Preferences of Past 30-Day Adult and Youth E-Cigarette Users
3.3. Association of Demographic and Nicotine Use Behavior Characteristics with Type of Flavor Category among Past 30-Day Adult and Youth E-Cigarette Users
3.4. Association of Demographic and Nicotine Use Behavior Characteristics with the Number of Flavor Categories Among Past 30-Day Adult and Youth E-Cigarette Users
3.5. Association of Demographic Characteristics and Ever Smoking Status with the Type of Flavor Category Among Past 30-Day Adult E-Cigarette Users
3.6. Association of Type of Flavor Category and Number of Flavor Categories with Past Cigarette Smoking Quit Attempts and Cigarette Smoking Quit Intentions Among Adult Past 30-Day Vapers and Current Smokers
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics Assessed at W3 | Adult Past 30-day ENDS User | Youth Past 30-day ENDS User | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
N = 2784 | N = 433 | ||
Gender, N (%) | 0.6465 | ||
Male | 1484 (55.2) | 230 (53.9) | |
Female | 1299 (44.9) | 202 (46.1) | |
Race/Ethnicity, N (%) | 0.3568 | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 2095 (79.7) | 313 (78.5) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 303 (10.5) | 41 (9.5) | |
Other groups | 319 (9.8) | 67 (12.0) | |
Number of Flavor Categories, N (%) | <0.0001 | ||
1 Flavor Category | 1809 (66.6) | 226 (51.6) | |
2+ Flavor Categories | 944 (32.1) | 194 (45.5) | |
Don’t Know | 31 (1.3) | 13 (2.9) | |
Flavor Category, N (%) | <0.0001 | ||
Tobacco alone | 383 (16.5) | 13 (2.7) | |
All other flavors and flavor combinations | 2370 (83.5) | 407 (97.3) | |
ENDs Device, N (%) | <0.0001 | ||
Open | 2128 (76.7) | 325 (85.9) | |
Closed | 632 (23.3) | 54 (14.1) | |
Dual Use of Cigarettes, N (%) | <0.0001 | ||
Exclusive Vaper | 796 (37.6) | 283 (66.3) | |
Vaper and Smoker | 1403 (62.4) | 145 (33.7) | |
Smoking Frequency, N (%) | <0.0001 | ||
Never | 197 (6.9) | 167 (38.3) | |
Former | 599 (30.7) | 116 (28.0) | |
Current | 1403 (62.4) | 145 (33.7) |
Most Common Flavors | |||
---|---|---|---|
Adult Past 30-day ENDS User N = 1809 | Youth Past 30-day ENDS User N = 226 | ||
% (LB, UB) | % (LB, UB) | ||
Fruit | 30.8 (28.1, 33.6) | Fruit | 52.8 (45.4, 60.1) |
Tobacco | 24.5 (21.6, 27.6) | Candy/desserts/other sweets | 24.4 (19.9, 29.7) |
Candy/desserts/other sweets | 18.2 (15.7, 21.1) | Menthol/Mint | 10.8 (7.0, 16.2) |
Menthol/Mint | 17.9 (15.9, 20.1) | Tobacco | 5.1 (3.0, 8.4) |
Other flavor | 3.1 (2.2, 4.3) | Chocolate | 3.0 (1.1, 7.8) |
Non-Alcoholic Beverage | 2.5 (1.9, 3.5) | Alcoholic Beverage | 1.1 (0.2, 5.3) |
Alcoholic Beverage | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) | Non-alcoholic Beverage | 1.0 (0.3, 3.2) |
Chocolate | 0.9 (0.6, 1.6) | Other flavor | 1.0 (0.3, 3.2) |
Clove/Spice | 0.6 (0.3, 1.1) | Clove/Spice | 0.8 (0.2, 3.1) |
Most Common Flavor Combinations | |||
Adult Past 30-day ENDS User N = 944 | Youth Past 30-day ENDS User N = 194 | ||
% (LB, UB) | % (LB, UB) | ||
Candy/desserts/other sweets and some other flavor | 33.4 (29.9, 37.1) | Fruit and Candy/desserts/other sweets | 35.6 (29.1, 42.6) |
Menthol/Mint and Fruit | 7.6 (5.6, 10.1) | Fruit, Non-Alcoholic Beverage and Candy/desserts/other sweets | 8.1 (4.8, 13.3) |
Menthol/Mint, Fruit, and Candy/desserts/other sweets | 6.7 (4.9, 9.1) | Fruit, Chocolate, and Candy/desserts/other sweets | 5.6 (3.3, 9.3) |
Tobacco and Menthol/Mint | 4.0 (2.5, 6.1) | Menthol/Mint, Fruit and Candy/desserts/other sweets | 3.6 (1.8, 7.1) |
Fruit, Non-Alcoholic Beverage, and Candy/desserts/other sweets | 3.7 (2.8, 5.0) | Fruit, Alcoholic Beverage, and Candy/desserts/other sweets | 3.6 (1.5, 8.2) |
Fruit, Chocolate, and Candy/desserts/other sweets | 3.4 (2.2, 5.4) | Menthol/Mint and Fruit | 3.6 (1.6, 7.8) |
Tobacco and Fruit | 3.2 (2.1, 4.9) | Menthol/Mint, Fruit, Non-Alcoholic Beverage, and Candy/desserts/other sweets | 2.5 (0.9, 6.8) |
Menthol/Mint and Candy/desserts/other sweets | 2.6 (1.7, 4.2) | Tobacco, Fruit, and Candy/desserts/other sweets | 2.3 (0.9, 5.6) |
Tobacco, Fruit, and Candy/desserts/other sweets | 2.4 (1.4, 4.1) | Fruit and Chocolate | 2.0 (0.6, 6.5) |
Tobacco and Candy/desserts/other sweets | 1.9 (1.1, 3.2) | Tobacco and Menthol/Mint | 2.0 (0.6, 6.4) |
Tobacco Flavor Alone | All Other Flavors and Flavor Combinations | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
N = 396 | N = 2777 | |||
N (%) | N (%) | Crude | Adjusted a | |
Age Group | ||||
Adult | 383 (98.8) | 2370 (91.9) | Ref | Ref |
Youth | 13 (1.2) | 407 (8.2) | 7.14 (4.03, 12.7) | 21.08 (5.92, 75.12) |
Gender | ||||
Male | 214 (58.6) | 1479 (54.6) | Ref | Ref |
Female | 182 (41.4) | 1296 (45.4) | 1.17 (0.90, 1.54) | 1.40 (1.07, 1.83) |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||
Non-Hispanic White | 316 (82.5) | 2059 (79.0) | Ref | Ref |
Non-Hispanic Black | 40 (10.9) | 302 (10.5) | 1.01 (0.59, 1.73) | 1.40 (0.71, 2.76) |
Other | 36 (6.6) | 342 (10.5) | 1.66 (1.09, 2.53) | 2.08 (1.33, 3.24) |
ENDS Device | ||||
Closed | 202 (51.1) | 471 (17.3) | Ref | Ref |
Open | 184 (48.9) | 2247 (82.7) | 5.00 (3.84, 6.51) | 5.42 (4.07, 7.22) |
Dual Use of Cigarettes | ||||
Exclusive Vaper | 92 (27.6) | 968 (42.4) | Ref | Ref |
Vaper and Smoker | 257 (72.4) | 1277 (57.6) | 0.52 (0.38, 0.70) | 0.67 (0.48, 0.93) |
Tobacco Flavor Alone | All Other Flavors and Flavor Combinations | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
N = 383 | N = 2187 | |||
N (%) | N (%) | Crude | Adjusted a | |
Age | ||||
18–24 years | 45 (6.3) | 1086 (32.9) | Ref | Ref |
25–34 years | 63 (18.7) | 588 (28.5) | 0.29 (0.18, 0.47) | 0.37 (0.19, 0.71) |
35–54 years | 167 (44.2) | 513 (27.0) | 0.12 (0.08, 0.17) | 0.13 (0.08, 0.23) |
55 years and older | 108 (30.8) | 183 (11.53) | 0.07 (0.05, 0.11) | 0.08 (0.05, 0.14) |
Gender | ||||
Male | 207 (58.5) | 1261 (54.7) | Ref | Ref |
Female | 176 (41.5) | 1108 (45.3) | 1.17 (0.89, 1.54) | 1.75 (1.29, 2.36) |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||
Non-Hispanic White | 308 (82.8) | 1764 (79.0) | Ref | Ref |
Non-Hispanic Black | 37 (10.6) | 265 (10.6) | 1.04 (0.59, 1.83) | 2.65 (1.37, 5.12) |
Other | 35 (6.6) | 278 (10.4) | 1.64 (1.06, 2.51) | 1.34 (0.77, 2.33) |
ENDS Device | ||||
Closed | 199 (51.0) | 423 (17.6) | Ref | Ref |
Open | 182 (49.0) | 1931 (82.4) | 4.87 (3.70, 6.41) | 5.31 (3.84, 7.34) |
Ever Smoker Status | ||||
Current | 252 (73.1) | 1138 (65.5) | Ref | Ref |
Former | 83 (26.9) | 513 (34.5) | 1.43 (1.04, 1.96) | 1.46 (1.00, 2.12) |
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Share and Cite
Schneller, L.M.; Bansal-Travers, M.; Goniewicz, M.L.; McIntosh, S.; Ossip, D.; O’Connor, R.J. Use of Flavored E-Cigarettes and the Type of E-Cigarette Devices Used among Adults and Youth in the US—Results from Wave 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2015–2016). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162991
Schneller LM, Bansal-Travers M, Goniewicz ML, McIntosh S, Ossip D, O’Connor RJ. Use of Flavored E-Cigarettes and the Type of E-Cigarette Devices Used among Adults and Youth in the US—Results from Wave 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2015–2016). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(16):2991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162991
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchneller, Liane M., Maansi Bansal-Travers, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Scott McIntosh, Deborah Ossip, and Richard J. O’Connor. 2019. "Use of Flavored E-Cigarettes and the Type of E-Cigarette Devices Used among Adults and Youth in the US—Results from Wave 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2015–2016)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16: 2991. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162991