An Integrated Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach to Assess Sustainable Urban Development in an Emerging Economy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. Sustainable Development and Sustainable Urban Development
2.2. Assessment Methods
2.2.1. Fuzzy AHP
2.2.2. Fuzzy TOPSIS
3. Materials and Data
3.1. Assessing Criteria and Alternatives
3.2. Data collection
3.3. Methods
4. Empirical Results
4.1. Results of Fuzzy AHP
4.2. Results of Fuzzy TOPSIS
5. Discussion and Conclusions
5.1. Theoretical and Practical Implications
5.2. Limitations and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Atkinson, G.; Dietz, S.; Neumayer, E. Handbook of Sustainable Development; Edward Elgar Publishing: Cheltenham, UK, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Tran, L. An interactive method to select a set of sustainable urban development indicators. Ecol. Indic. 2016, 61, 418–427. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, B.; Xu, T.; Shi, L. Analysis on sustainable urban development levels and trends in China’s cities. J. Clean. Prod. 2017, 141, 868–889. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cease, B.; Kim, H.; Kim, D.; Ko, Y.; Cappel, C. Barriers and incentives for sustainable urban development: An analysis of the adoption of LEED-ND projects. J. Environ. Manag. 2019, 244, 304–312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hale, J.; Legun, K.; Campbell, H.; Carolan, M. Social sustainability indicators as performance. Geoforum 2019, 103, 47–55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, P.; Yuan, H.; Tian, X. Sustainable development in China: Trends, patterns and determinants of the “five modernizations” in Chinese cities. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 214, 685–695. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ngo, L.V.; O’Cass, A. The relationship between business orientations and brand performance: A cross-national perspective. Asia Pac. J. Mark. Logist. 2011, 23, 684–713. [Google Scholar]
- Farley, J.U.; Hoenig, S.; Lehmann, D.R.; Nguyen, H.T. Marketing metrics use in a transition economy: The case of Vietnam. J. Glob. Mark. 2008, 21, 179–190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hau, L.N.; Ngo, L.V. Relationship marketing in Vietnam: An empirical study. Asia Pac. J. Mark. Logist. 2012, 24, 222–235. [Google Scholar]
- United Nations. Our Common Future—Brundtland Report; Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 1987; p. 204. [Google Scholar]
- Santos, P.H.D.; Neves, S.M.; Anna, D.O.S.; de Oliveira, C.H.; Carvalho, H.D. The analytic hierarchy process supporting decision making for sustainable development: An overview of applications. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 212, 119–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chelan, M.M.; Alijanpour, A.; Barani, H.; Motamedi, J.; Azadi, H.; Passel, S.V. Economic sustainability assessment in semi-steppe rangelands. Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 637–638, 112–119. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grodach, C. Barriers to sustainable economic development: The Dallas-Fort Worth experience. Cities 2011, 28, 300–309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baumgärtner, S.; Quaas, M. What is sustainability economics? Ecol. Econ. 2010, 69, 445–450. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sachs, I. Social Sustainability and Whole Development: Exploring the Dimensions of Sustainable Development; Zed Book: London, UK, 1999. [Google Scholar]
- Chiu, R.L.H. Social Sustainability, Sustainable Development and Housing Development: The Experience of Hong Kong. In Housing and Social Change: East-West Perspectives; Forrest, R., Lee, J., Eds.; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2003; pp. 221–239. [Google Scholar]
- Murphy, K. The social pillar of sustainable development: A literature review and framework for policy analysis. Sustain. Sci. Pract. Policy 2012, 8, 15–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Davoodi, S.; Fallah, H.; Aliabadi, M. Determination of Affective Critrions on Social Sustainability in Architectural Design. Current Trends in Technology and science. In Proceedings of the 8th SAS Tech 2014 Symposium on Advances in Science & Technology-Commission-IV, Mashhad, Iran, 13 February 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Gazzola, P.; Campo, A.G.D.; Onyango, V. Going green vs. going smart for sustainable development: Quo vadis? J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 214, 881–892. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Verma, P.; Raghubanshi, A.S. Urban sustainability indicators: Challenges and opportunities. Ecol. Indic. 2018, 93, 282–291. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ameen, R.F.M.; Mourshed, M. Urban sustainability assessment framework development: The ranking and weighting of sustainability indicators using analytic hierarchy process. Sustain. Cities Soc. 2019, 44, 356–366. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moroke, T.; Schoeman, C.; Schoeman, I. Developing a neighborhood sustainability assessment method: An approach to sustainable urban development. Sustain. Cities Soc. 2019. forthcoming. [Google Scholar]
- Kaur, H.; Garg, P. Urban sustainability assessment tools: A review. J. Clean. Prod. 2019, 210, 146–158. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Atanda, J.O. Developing a social sustainability assessment framework. Sustain. Cities Soc. 2019, 44, 237–252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saaty, T.L. How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 1990, 48, 9–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chang, D.Y. Applications of the extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 1996, 95, 649–655. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shaverdi, M.; Ramezani, I.; Tahmasebi, R.; Rostamy, A.A.A. Combining fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS with financial ratios to design a novel performance evaluation model. Int. J. Fuzzy Syst. 2016, 18, 248–262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chou, Y.C.; Yen, H.Y.; Dang, V.T.; Sun, C.C. Assessing the human resource in science and technology for Asian countries: Application of fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS. Symmetry 2019, 11, 251–267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- United Nations. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015; UN: New York, NY, USA, 2015. [Google Scholar]
Saaty Scale | Definition | Fuzzy Triangle Scale |
---|---|---|
1 | Equally important | (1, 1, 1) |
3 | Weakly important | (2, 3, 4) |
5 | Fairly important | (4, 5, 6) |
7 | Strongly important | (6, 7, 8) |
9 | Absolutely important | (9, 9, 9) |
2 | Intermittent values between two adjacent scales | (1, 2, 3) |
4 | (3, 4, 5) | |
6 | (5, 6, 7) | |
8 | (7, 8, 9) |
Characteristics/Cities | Ha Noi | Ho Chi Minh | Da Nang | Can Tho |
---|---|---|---|---|
Area | 3328.9 km2 | 2061.2 km2 | 1285.4 km2 | 1408.9 km2 |
Population | 7,781,631 | 8,636,899 | 1,230,847 | 1,569,301 |
Population density | 2300/km2 | 4097/km2 | 957/km2 | 1100/km2 |
Population growth | 1.5% | 1.9% | 1.8% | 0.8% |
Literacy ratio | 98.7% | 98.5% | 98.2% | 95.4% |
Labor force | 3.83 million | 4.42 million | 0.61 million | 0.73 million |
GDP (nominal) | 40.1 billion USD | 60.83 billion USD | 3.733 billion USD | 3.6 billion USD |
GDP per capital | 5080 USD | 7089 USD | 3035 USD | 2980 USD |
GDP growth | 7.2% | 8% | 7.86% | 7.60% |
Competitiveness index | 65.4 (rank no. 9) | 65.3 (rank no. 10) | 65.7 (rank no. 5) | 65.0 (rank no. 11) |
FDI (USD) | 33.2 billion | 45.1 billion | 5.2 billion | 686.4 million |
Criteria | SS1 | SS2 | SS3 | SS4 | SS5 | SS6 | SS7 | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
SS2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
SS3 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
SS4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1 | 1.00 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
SS5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.25 |
SS6 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
SS7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Criteria | SS1 | SS2 | SS3 | SS4 | SS5 | SS6 | SS7 | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.61 | 0.68 | 0.79 | 0.58 | 0.65 | 0.75 | 0.81 | 0.87 | 0.94 | 1.55 | 1.55 | 1.55 | 0.68 | 0.75 | 0.84 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.77 |
SS2 | 1.26 | 1.46 | 1.64 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2.19 | 2.54 | 2.90 | 2.19 | 2.54 | 2.90 | 2.58 | 2.85 | 3.14 | 2.02 | 2.41 | 2.83 | 2.38 | 2.67 | 2.96 |
SS3 | 1.34 | 1.53 | 1.71 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.46 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.64 | 1.72 | 1.78 | 1.78 | 1.93 | 2.11 | 0.76 | 0.84 | 0.95 | 1.23 | 1.39 | 1.56 |
SS4 | 1.06 | 1.15 | 1.23 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.46 | 0.56 | 0.58 | 0.61 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.59 | 0.63 | 0.68 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.59 | 0.63 | 0.68 |
SS5 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.56 | 1.47 | 1.59 | 1.69 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.29 |
SS6 | 1.20 | 1.33 | 1.47 | 0.35 | 0.41 | 0.49 | 1.05 | 1.18 | 1.32 | 3.27 | 3.65 | 3.98 | 3.41 | 3.52 | 3.80 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.91 | 2.03 | 2.13 |
SS7 | 1.30 | 1.32 | 1.35 | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.42 | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.81 | 1.47 | 1.59 | 1.69 | 3.41 | 3.52 | 3.80 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.52 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Criteria | SS1 | SS2 | SS3 | SS4 | SS5 | SS6 | SS7 | Total | R(−) | Criteria | SS1 | SS2 | SS3 | SS4 | SS5 | SS6 | SS7 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ri | 0.81 | 1.85 | 1.03 | 0.56 | 0.52 | 1.38 | 0.94 | 7.10 | 0.14 | 0.12 | Wi | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.11 |
0.86 | 2.09 | 1.13 | 0.60 | 0.55 | 1.50 | 1.00 | 7.72 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.13 | ||
0.92 | 2.32 | 1.23 | 0.65 | 0.57 | 1.63 | 1.06 | 8.39 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.15 |
Criteria | SS1 | SS2 | SS3 | SS4 | SS5 | SS6 | SS7 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mi | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 1.01 |
Ni | 0.111 | 0.270 | 0.146 | 0.078 | 0.070 | 0.194 | 0.129 | |
Rank | 3 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 4 |
Criteria | ECS1 | ECS2 | ECS3 | ECS4 | ECS5 | ECS6 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mi | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.97 |
Ni | 0.207 | 0.155 | 0.190 | 0.191 | 0.108 | 0.149 | |
Rank | 6 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 |
Criteria | ES1 | ES2 | ES3 | ES4 | ES5 | ES6 | ES7 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mi | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 1.01 |
Ni | 0.137 | 0.120 | 0.106 | 0.121 | 0.144 | 0.161 | 0.211 | |
Rank | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
Criteria | SS1 | SS2 | SS3 | SS4 | SS5 | SS6 | SS7 | ECS1 | ECS2 | ECS3 | ECS4 | ECS5 | ECS6 | ES1 | ES2 | ES3 | ES4 | ES5 | ES6 | ES7 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mi | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 1.01 |
Ni | 0.049 | 0.113 | 0.063 | 0.027 | 0.027 | 0.085 | 0.051 | 0.051 | 0.045 | 0.054 | 0.047 | 0.020 | 0.026 | 0.048 | 0.044 | 0.039 | 0.044 | 0.054 | 0.047 | 0.065 | |
Rank | 9 | 15 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 14 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 11 | 7 | 13 |
Criteria | ECS1 | ECS2 | ECS3 | ECS4 | ECS5 | ECS6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wi | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.03 | |
0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
Cities/Criteria | ECS1 | ECS2 | ECS3 | ECS4 | ECS5 | ECS6 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ha Noi City | 2 | 5.2 | 8 | 2 | 4.8 | 8 | 2 | 3.6 | 6 | 1 | 3.8 | 8 | 2 | 4.8 | 8 | 2 | 3.8 | 6 |
Dang Nang City | 4 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 5.6 | 8 | 2 | 5.2 | 8 | 1 | 6.6 | 9 | 2 | 5.6 | 8 | 2 | 5.2 | 8 |
Ho Chi Minh City | 4 | 6.2 | 8 | 2 | 6.2 | 9 | 2 | 4.6 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 6.4 | 8 | 2 | 5.2 | 8 |
Can Tho City | 2 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 5.2 | 8 | 2 | 4.6 | 6 |
Cities/Criteria | ECS1 | ECS2 | ECS3 | ECS4 | ECS5 | ECS6 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wi | 0.044 | 0.051 | 0.060 | 0.038 | 0.045 | 0.054 | 0.044 | 0.054 | 0.066 | 0.039 | 0.047 | 0.057 | 0.017 | 0.020 | 0.023 | 0.022 | 0.026 | 0.032 |
Ha Noi City | 0.25 | 0.65 | 1.00 | 0.22 | 0.53 | 0.89 | 0.33 | 0.56 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 0.42 | 0.89 | 0.25 | 0.60 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.475 | 0.75 |
Dang Nang City | 0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 0.22 | 0.62 | 0.89 | 0.25 | 0.39 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 0.73 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.65 | 1.00 |
Ho Chi Minh City | 0.50 | 0.78 | 1.00 | 0.22 | 0.69 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 1.00 | 0.22 | 0.56 | 0.89 | 0.50 | 0.80 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.65 | 1.00 |
Can Tho City | 0.25 | 0.63 | 1.00 | 0.22 | 0.56 | 0.89 | 0.25 | 0.40 | 1.00 | 0.22 | 0.56 | 0.89 | 0.25 | 0.65 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 0.575 | 0.75 |
Cities/Criteria | ECS1 | ECS2 | ECS3 | ECS4 | ECS5 | ECS6 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ha Noi City | 0.011 | 0.033 | 0.060 | 0.008 | 0.024 | 0.048 | 0.015 | 0.030 | 0.066 | 0.004 | 0.020 | 0.051 | 0.004 | 0.012 | 0.023 | 0.006 | 0.012 | 0.024 |
Dang Nang City | 0.022 | 0.038 | 0.060 | 0.008 | 0.028 | 0.048 | 0.011 | 0.021 | 0.066 | 0.004 | 0.035 | 0.057 | 0.004 | 0.014 | 0.023 | 0.006 | 0.017 | 0.032 |
Ho Chi Minh City | 0.022 | 0.040 | 0.060 | 0.008 | 0.031 | 0.054 | 0.011 | 0.024 | 0.066 | 0.009 | 0.026 | 0.051 | 0.008 | 0.016 | 0.023 | 0.006 | 0.017 | 0.032 |
Can Tho City | 0.011 | 0.032 | 0.060 | 0.008 | 0.025 | 0.048 | 0.011 | 0.022 | 0.066 | 0.009 | 0.026 | 0.051 | 0.004 | 0.013 | 0.023 | 0.006 | 0.015 | 0.024 |
A+ | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
A- | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Cities/Criteria | ECS1 | ECS2 | ECS3 | ECS4 | ECS5 | ECS6 | |
Ha Noi City | 0.007 | 0.005 | 0.000 | 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.030 |
Dang Nang City | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.000 | 0.013 |
Ho Chi Minh City | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.007 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.011 |
Can Tho City | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.032 |
Cities/Criteria | ECS1 | ECS2 | ECS3 | ECS4 | ECS5 | ECS6 | |
Ha Noi City | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.006 |
Dang Nang City | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.009 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.025 |
Ho Chi Minh City | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.028 |
Can Tho City | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.008 |
Cities | Rank | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ha Noi City | 0.030 | 0.006 | 0.176 | 4 |
Dang Nang City | 0.013 | 0.025 | 0.659 | 2 |
Ho Chi Minh City | 0.011 | 0.028 | 0.717 | 1 |
Can Tho City | 0.032 | 0.008 | 0.190 | 3 |
Cities | Rank | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ha Noi City | 0.108 | 0.024 | 0.183 | 3 |
Dang Nang City | 0.068 | 0.069 | 0.505 | 1 |
Ho Chi Minh City | 0.073 | 0.064 | 0.467 | 2 |
Can Tho City | 0.094 | 0.016 | 0.147 | 4 |
Cities | Rank | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ha Noi City | 0.121 | 0.007 | 0.053 | 4 |
Dang Nang City | 0.003 | 0.125 | 0.979 | 1 |
Ho Chi Minh City | 0.047 | 0.103 | 0.687 | 2 |
Can Tho City | 0.050 | 0.098 | 0.664 | 3 |
Cities | Rank | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ha Noi City | 0.212 | 0.034 | 0.139 | 4 |
Dang Nang City | 0.107 | 0.157 | 0.595 | 1 |
Ho Chi Minh City | 0.134 | 0.143 | 0.517 | 2 |
Can Tho City | 0.163 | 0.073 | 0.309 | 3 |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Dang, V.T.; Wang, J.; Dang, W.V.-T. An Integrated Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach to Assess Sustainable Urban Development in an Emerging Economy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2902. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162902
Dang VT, Wang J, Dang WV-T. An Integrated Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach to Assess Sustainable Urban Development in an Emerging Economy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(16):2902. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162902
Chicago/Turabian StyleDang, Van Thac, Jianming Wang, and Wilson Van-Thac Dang. 2019. "An Integrated Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach to Assess Sustainable Urban Development in an Emerging Economy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16: 2902. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162902