Gender Differences in Chronic Hormonal and Immunological Responses to CrossFit®

Poderoso, Rodrigo; Cirilo-Sousa, Maria; Júnior, Adenilson; Novaes, Jefferson; Vianna, Jeferson; Dias, Marcelo; Leitão, Luis; Reis, Victor; Neto, Nacipe; Vilaça-Alves, José

doi:10.3390/ijerph16142577

Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Edit a Special Issue

Article Menu

...

Open AccessArticle

Gender Differences in Chronic Hormonal and Immunological Responses to CrossFit^®

¹,

^2,3,

⁴,

^5,6,

⁶,

⁷,

^6,8,*

⁹

^10,11 and

¹²

Physical Education Department, University of Unopar, Nilópolis 36045–050, Brazil

Physical Education Department, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051–900, Brazil

Posgraduate Program of Educação Física, University of Cariri Regional, Crato 63105–010, Brazil

⁴

Federal Technology Institute of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58015–020, Brazil

⁵

Gymnastics Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941–901, Brazil

⁶

Faculty of Physical Education Sports, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, São Pedro 36036-900, Brazil

⁷

Granbery Methodist College, Juiz de Fora 36015–440, Brazil

⁸

Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, Setúbal 2910–761, Portugal

⁹

Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real 5000–103, Portugal

¹⁰

Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences of Juiz de Fora, Suprema, Juiz de Fora 36033–003, Brazil

¹¹

Division of Endocrinology, IPEMED Medical School, Rio de Janeiro 22031–060, Brazil

¹²

Sports Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto-Douro, Vila Real 5001–801, Portugal

Show full affiliation list

Hide full affiliation list

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(14), 2577; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142577

Received: 26 June 2019 / Revised: 15 July 2019 / Accepted: 18 July 2019 / Published: 19 July 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Exercise on Health-related Markers and Bioenergetics)

View Full-Text Download PDF Review Reports Citation Export

Abstract

This study was designed to analyze the chronical responses of the hormonal and immune systems after a CrossFit^® training period of six months as well as to compare these results between genders. Twenty-nine CrossFit^® practitioners (35.3 ± 10.4 years, 175.0 ± 9.2 cm, 79.5 ± 16.4 kg) with a minimum CrossFit^® experience of six months were recruited, and hormonal and immune responses were verified every two months during training. The training was conducted in five consecutive days during the week, followed by two resting days. Testosterone (T) values were significantly higher at the last measurement time (T6 = 346.0 ± 299.7 pg·mL⁻¹) than at all the other times (p < 0.002) and were higher in men than in women (p < 0.001). Cortisol (C) levels were lower at all times compared to the initial level before training, and differences were observed between men and women, with men having a lower value (T0: p = 0.028; T2: p = 0.013; T4: p = 0.002; and T6: p = 0.002). The TC ratio in women was lower at all times (p < 0.0001) than in men. Significant effects on CD8 levels at different times (F_(3.81) = 7.287; p = 0.002; η_p² = 0.213) and between genders (F_(1.27) = 4.282; p = 0.048; η_p² = 0.137), and no differences in CD4 levels were observed. CrossFit^® training changed the serum and basal levels of testosterone and cortisol in men (with an increase in testosterone and a decrease in cortisol). View Full-Text

Keywords: CrossFit; hormonal responses; immunological responses; RPE

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Poderoso, R.; Cirilo-Sousa, M.; Júnior, A.; Novaes, J.; Vianna, J.; Dias, M.; Leitão, L.; Reis, V.; Neto, N.; Vilaça-Alves, J. Gender Differences in Chronic Hormonal and Immunological Responses to CrossFit^®. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2577. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142577

AMA Style

Poderoso R, Cirilo-Sousa M, Júnior A, Novaes J, Vianna J, Dias M, Leitão L, Reis V, Neto N, Vilaça-Alves J. Gender Differences in Chronic Hormonal and Immunological Responses to CrossFit^®. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(14):2577. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142577

Chicago/Turabian Style

Poderoso, Rodrigo, Maria Cirilo-Sousa, Adenilson Júnior, Jefferson Novaes, Jeferson Vianna, Marcelo Dias, Luis Leitão, Victor Reis, Nacipe Neto, and José Vilaça-Alves. 2019. "Gender Differences in Chronic Hormonal and Immunological Responses to CrossFit^®" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14: 2577. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142577

Find Other Styles

Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Abstract views Pdf views Html views

Article Menu

Gender Differences in Chronic Hormonal and Immunological Responses to CrossFit^®

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Article Access Map by Country/Region

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI