Selection of Level-Dependent Hearing Protectors for Use in An Indoor Shooting Range
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Hearing Protectors Included in the Assessment
2.2. Locations of Noise Parameter Measurements
2.3. Type of Weapon/Ammunition
- Glock 17 pistol (9 × 19 mm Parabellum calibre) and Walther P99 (9 × 19 mm Parabellum calibre), hereinafter referred to as the ‘pistols’;
- PM-98 Glauberyt submachine gun (9 × 19 mm Parabellum calibre), hereinafter referred to as the ‘submachine gun’;
- Mossberg 590 smooth-bore shotgun (12/70 calibre: flash-bang ammunition and rubber ammunition), hereafter referred to as ‘shotgun 1’;
- Mossberg 590 smooth-bore shotgun (12/70 calibre: slug load ammunition and buckshot ammunition), hereafter referred to as ‘shotgun 2’.
2.4. Measurement Method
- SPL in octave bands with center frequencies: 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz, 8000 Hz.
- A-weighted equivalent SPL (LAeq),
- C-weighted equivalent SPL (LCeq),
- C-weighted peak SPL (LCpeak).
2.5. Criteria for Assessing Exposure to Noise at the Workplace
2.6. Measuring Equipment
2.7. Methods for the Selection of Hearing Protectors
2.8. Criteria for the Assessment of Hearing Protectors
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Firearm-Related Noise
3.2. Impact of the Number of Shooters
3.3. Impact of Changing the Distance from Shooters
3.4. Assessment of Hearing Protectors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Designation | mf/sf [dB] | Frequency [Hz] | H [dB] | M [dB] | L [dB] | SNR [dB] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
125 | 250 | 500 | 1000 | 2000 | 4000 | 8000 | ||||||
HP1 | mf | 11.5 | 17.9 | 27.8 | 30.0 | 32.1 | 36.2 | 40.3 | 31 3 | 25 | 16 | 28 |
sf | 2.5 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 3.1 | |||||
HP2 | mf | 13.8 | 21.5 | 30.9 | 36.6 | 35.9 | 35.5 | 39.0 | 32 | 29 | 20 | 31 |
sf | 1.8 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 2.3 | |||||
HP3 | mf | 21.1 | 17.9 | 27.0 | 26.8 | 30.5 | 38.3 | 36.4 | 29 | 23 | 16 | 26 |
sf | 4.3 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 5.4 | |||||
HP4 | mf | 17.0 | 24.0 | 29.5 | 36.9 | 37.3 | 39.3 | 35.4 | 34 | 29 | 22 | 32 |
sf | 3.2 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 4.9 | 3.2 | 3.9 | |||||
HP5 | mf | 13.3 | 17.4 | 22.3 | 28 | 30.8 | 37.6 | 37.0 | 29 | 23 | 17 | 26 |
sf | 3.2 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 4.8 | |||||
HP6 | mf | 13.5 | 15.5 | 23.7 | 24.1 | 30.4 | 36.6 | 38.6 | 28 | 21 | 16 | 25 |
sf | 3.2 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 4.2 | |||||
HP7 | mf | 18.4 | 21.1 | 27.7 | 36.9 | 36.1 | 42.1 | 38.8 | 34 | 27 | 20 | 30 |
sf | 4.5 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 5.4 | |||||
HP8 | mf | 34.5 | 31.5 | 36.2 | 33.4 | 34.8 | 34.9 | 38.8 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 32 |
sf | 6.0 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 4.3 | 3.8 | 5.0 | 4.0 | |||||
HP9 | mf | 37.8 | 36.0 | 40.5 | 41.2 | 41.3 | 39.6 | 46.1 | 37 | 36 | 34 | 38 |
sf | 4.3 | 5.5 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 4.3 | 3.6 | |||||
HP10 | mf | 15.7 | 19.1 | 22.9 | 27.0 | 22.4 | 38.4 | 40.9 | 24 | 22 | 18 | 25 |
sf | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.4 |
Hearing Protector Number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
, dB | 138.1 | 134.1 | 140.1 | 134.1 | 140.1 | 142.1 | 136.1 | 133.1 | 127.1 | 141.1 |
, dB | 79 | 75 | 80 | 75 | 80 | 821 | 77 | 75 | 69 | 83 |
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Mlynski, R.; Kozlowski, E. Selection of Level-Dependent Hearing Protectors for Use in An Indoor Shooting Range. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132266
Mlynski R, Kozlowski E. Selection of Level-Dependent Hearing Protectors for Use in An Indoor Shooting Range. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(13):2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132266
Chicago/Turabian StyleMlynski, Rafal, and Emil Kozlowski. 2019. "Selection of Level-Dependent Hearing Protectors for Use in An Indoor Shooting Range" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13: 2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132266