Space–Time Relationship between Short-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particles and Mortality in a Nationwide Analysis of Korea: A Bayesian Hierarchical Spatio-Temporal Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
2.1. Study Domain
2.2. Data Description
2.3. Statistical Analysis
- Model 1:,
- Model 2: .
- Model 3:
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | Variable | Unit | Mean | SD | Med | Q1 | Q3 | Min. | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mortality | Total | person | 78.8 | 43.2 | 73 | 44 | 106 | 2 | 236 |
Cardiovascular | person | 19.3 | 11.4 | 17 | 11 | 26 | 0 | 80 | |
Respiratory | person | 7.7 | 4.8 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 0 | 35 | |
Air pollutant | PM10 | µg/m3 | 37.7 | 12.1 | 36.8 | 28.8 | 46 | 3.7 | 83.2 |
PM2.5 | µg/m3 | 29.4 | 10.5 | 28.3 | 21.5 | 36.7 | 1.6 | 69.6 | |
Meteorological data | Temperature | °C | 13.2 | 9.6 | 14.1 | 5.2 | 21.7 | −7.9 | 29.7 |
Humidity | % | 71 | 9 | 71.1 | 64.6 | 78.1 | 44.2 | 92.6 | |
Wind speed | m/s | 2.9 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 8.2 | |
Extra data | RDI | −0.1 | 8.4 | −1.3 | −6.8 | 6.6 | −22.5 | 16.5 | |
Population | person | 202,196 | 154,313 | 170,220 | 60,151 | 308,111 | 18,036 | 669,068 |
Model | MSPE | Deviance | pD | DIC |
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | 184.22 | 72,690 | 11 | 72,701 |
Model 2 | 77.09 | 63,597 | 548 | 64,145 |
Model 3 | 79.25 | 63,098 | 10 | 63,108 |
Air pollutant | Explanatory Variables | Total | Cardiovascular | Respiratory |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | ||
PM10 | Air pollutant | 1.011 (1.008, 1.013) | 1.014 (1.009, 1.019) | 0.998 (0.991, 1.006) |
Deprivation index | 1.001 (1.001, 1.002) | 1.003 (1.002, 1.004) | 1.016 (1.015, 1.017) | |
PM2.5 | Air pollutant | 1.028 (1.026, 1.031) | 1.047 (1.042, 1.053) | 1.045 (1.036, 1.053) |
Deprivation index | 1.001 (1.001, 1.001) | 1.003 (1.002, 1.004) | 1.016 (1.015, 1.017) |
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Kang, D.; Jang, Y.; Choi, H.; Hwang, S.-s.; Koo, Y.; Choi, J. Space–Time Relationship between Short-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particles and Mortality in a Nationwide Analysis of Korea: A Bayesian Hierarchical Spatio-Temporal Model. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2111. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122111
Kang D, Jang Y, Choi H, Hwang S-s, Koo Y, Choi J. Space–Time Relationship between Short-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particles and Mortality in a Nationwide Analysis of Korea: A Bayesian Hierarchical Spatio-Temporal Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(12):2111. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122111
Chicago/Turabian StyleKang, Dayun, Yujin Jang, Hyunho Choi, Seung-sik Hwang, Younseo Koo, and Jungsoon Choi. 2019. "Space–Time Relationship between Short-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particles and Mortality in a Nationwide Analysis of Korea: A Bayesian Hierarchical Spatio-Temporal Model" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12: 2111. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122111