Rotavirus Infection and Vaccination: Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors among Parents in Italy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Settings and Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Questionnaire
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Knowledge
3.3. Beliefs
3.4. Behaviors
3.5. Information Sources
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (n = 307) | ||
---|---|---|
n | % | |
Gender | ||
Female | 257 | 84.5 |
Male | 47 | 15.5 |
Age (years) | 33.5 ± 4.9 (18–47) * | |
Marital status | ||
Married | 250 | 82.3 |
Other | 54 | 17.7 |
Educational level (years) | ||
None/Primary school (<9) | 4 | 1.4 |
Middle school (9–11) | 54 | 17.9 |
High school (12–16) | 158 | 52.5 |
College degree or higher (>16) | 85 | 28.2 |
Employment status | ||
Employed | 211 | 69.9 |
Unemployed | 91 | 30.1 |
At least one parent who is a healthcare professional | ||
No | 280 | 96.2 |
Yes | 11 | 3.8 |
Number of children | ||
1 | 135 | 44.1 |
≥2 | 171 | 55.9 |
n | % | |
Have heard about the rotavirus infection a | 125 ÷ 307 | 40.7 |
Knowledge that the vaccination against rotavirus is a preventive measure b | 76 ÷ 125 | 60.8 |
Knowledge that the rotavirus vaccine is available in Italy b | 74 ÷ 125 | 59.2 |
Correct response | ||
Modes of transmission of rotavirus b | n | % |
Contaminated water (true) | 76 ÷ 125 | 60.8 |
Contaminated food (true) | 70 ÷ 125 | 56 |
Contaminated surfaces (true) | 48 ÷ 125 | 38.4 |
Person-to-person (true) | 45 ÷ 125 | 36 |
Variable | OR | SE | 95% CI | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1. Having heard about rotavirus infection and having the knowledge that the vaccination against rotavirus is available in Italy | ||||
Log-likelihood = −109.22, χ2 = 86.37, p value < 0.0001 | ||||
Parents who received information on rotavirus infection and relative vaccination from physicians | 21.31 | 8.4 | 9.84–46.17 | <0.001 |
Having a child aged <1 year | 3.23 | 1.35 | 1.42–7.36 | 0.005 |
Having more than one child | 0.55 | 0.2 | 0.26–1.13 | 0.106 |
Age ≥40 years | 2.2 | 1.12 | 0.82–5.95 | 0.119 |
At least one parent who is a healthcare worker | 3.49 | 2.94 | 0.67–18.19 | 0.137 |
Female | Backward elimination | |||
Having college degree or higher level of education | Backward elimination | |||
Need to receive additional information | Backward elimination | |||
Model 2. Parents who were very worried that their children could have a rotavirus gastroenteritis | ||||
Log-likelihood = −91.44, χ2 = 19.2, p value = 0.003 | ||||
Having heard about rotavirus infection | 6.47 | 3.07 | 2.56–16.41 | <0.001 |
Having more than one child | 0.57 | 0.23 | 0.26–1.27 | 0.172 |
Having the knowledge that the vaccination against rotavirus is available in Italy | 0.51 | 0.27 | 0.18–1.45 | 0.211 |
Parents who received information on rotavirus infection and relative vaccination from physicians | 0.57 | 0.32 | 0.19–1.71 | 0.320 |
Having a child aged <1 year | 1.58 | 0.73 | 0.64–3.93 | 0.322 |
Age <40 years | 0.49 | 0.39 | 0.11–2.29 | 0.369 |
Female | Backward elimination | |||
Need to receive additional information | Backward elimination | |||
Model 3. Having immunized their children against the rotavirus infection | ||||
Log-likelihood = −45.82, χ2 = 150.18, p value < 0.0001 | ||||
Parents who received information on rotavirus infection and relative vaccination from physicians | 25.09 | 17.25 | 6.52–96.61 | <0.001 |
Parents who considered dangerous for their children to contract the rotavirus gastroenteritis | 1.91 | 0.41 | 1.25–2.91 | 0.003 |
Parents who considered useful the rotavirus vaccine | 1.45 | 0.26 | 1.02–2.07 | 0.037 |
Parents who were very worried that their children could have a rotavirus gastroenteritis | 0.81 | 0.12 | 0.65–1.12 | 0.15 |
Age ≥40 years | 4.56 | 4.45 | 0.67–30.83 | 0.119 |
Having heard about rotavirus vaccine | 2.34 | 1.68 | 0.57–9.66 | 0.239 |
Parents who considered dangerous for their children the rotavirus vaccine | 0.86 | 0.12 | 0.65–1.13 | 0.271 |
Having a child aged <1 year | 2.34 | 1.87 | 0.49–11.21 | 0.286 |
Having more than one child | 0.54 | 0.33 | 0.16–1.81 | 0.319 |
Need to receive additional information | 0.57 | 0.33 | 0.18–1.81 | 0.341 |
Having heard about rotavirus infection | 2.41 | 2.39 | 0.34–16.95 | 0.378 |
Having college degree or higher level of education | Backward elimination |
n | % | |
---|---|---|
Parents who believed that the vaccine was not harmful for their children | 259 ÷ 291 | 89 |
Parents who considered dangerous for their children to contract the rotavirus gastroenteritis | 191 ÷ 300 | 63.7 |
Parents who considered useful the rotavirus vaccine | 178 ÷ 293 | 60.8 |
Parents who were worried that their children could have a rotavirus gastroenteritis | 172 ÷ 305 | 56.4 |
n | % | |
---|---|---|
Having immunized their children against the rotavirus infection | 47 ÷ 307 | 15.3 |
Reasons for having immunized their children | ||
Wanted to reduce the chance of getting the disease | 36 ÷ 47 | 76.7 |
Had been told to do so by the pediatricians | 35 ÷ 47 | 75 |
Fear that the infection could cause severe health problems | 30 ÷ 47 | 63.8 |
Reasons for not having immunized their children | ||
Lack of knowledge about the vaccination | 202 ÷ 259 | 77.9 |
Vaccination had not been recommended by the pediatrician | 93 ÷ 258 | 36.1 |
Concerns about the side effects of the vaccine | 41 ÷ 260 | 15.8 |
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Napolitano, F.; Ali Adou, A.; Vastola, A.; Angelillo, I.F. Rotavirus Infection and Vaccination: Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors among Parents in Italy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1807. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101807
Napolitano F, Ali Adou A, Vastola A, Angelillo IF. Rotavirus Infection and Vaccination: Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors among Parents in Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(10):1807. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101807
Chicago/Turabian StyleNapolitano, Francesco, Abdoulkader Ali Adou, Alessandra Vastola, and Italo Francesco Angelillo. 2019. "Rotavirus Infection and Vaccination: Knowledge, Beliefs, and Behaviors among Parents in Italy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10: 1807. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101807