Static Postural Balance in Modern Pentathletes: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Description of Parameter |
---|---|
COP shifts | |
SP [mm] | Sway path length of COP |
V [mm/s] | Average velocity of COP |
COP surface area | |
AoE [mm2] | Area of centre of pressure (calculated from COP shifts in such a way that 95% of data are within ellipsoid and 5% are outside of it) |
WoE [mm] | Width of ellipse (length of ellipse in medial-lateral direction) |
HoE [mm] | Height of ellipse (length of ellipse in anterior-posterior direction) |
Parameter | Group | Vision | Footwear | Group x Vision | Group x Footwear |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
COP shifts | |||||
SP [mm] | F = 4.77 | F = 54.61 | F = 5.04 | F = 2.87 | F = 2.58 |
p = 0.0302 * | p < 0.0001 *** | p = 0.0258 * | p = 0.0917 NS | p = 0.1096 NS | |
η2 = 0.02 | η2 = 0.21 | η2 = 0.02 | η2 = 0.01 | η2 = 0.01 | |
V[mm/s] | F = 4.59 | F = 54.82 | F = 5.11 | F = 2.94 | F = 2.61 |
p = 0.0333 * | p < 0.0001 *** | p = 0.0248 * | p = 0.0877 NS | p = 0.1096 NS | |
η2 = 0.02 | η2 = 0.25 | η2 = 0.02 | η2 = 0.01 | η2 = 0.01 | |
COP surface area | |||||
AoE [mm2] | F = 15.78 | F = 0.84 | F = 2.46 | F = 5.82 | F = 2.04 |
p < 0.0001 *** | p = 0.3605 NS | p = 0.1180 NS | p = 0.0167 * | p = 0.1551 NS | |
η2 = 0.07 | η2 = 0.00 | η2 = 0.01 | η2 = 0.03 | η2 = 0.01 | |
WoE [mm] | F = 45.46 | F = 0.86 | F = 0.00 | F = 4.04 | F = 1.33 |
p < 0.0001 *** | p = 0.3545 NS | p = 0.9944 NS | p = 0.0458 * | p = 0.2501 NS | |
η2 = 0.18 | η2 = 0.00 | η2 = 0.00 | η2 = 0.02 | η2 = 0.01 | |
HoE [mm] | F = 0.00 | F = 0.56 | F = 7.56 | F = 4.95 | F = 1.33 |
p = 0.973 NS | p = 0.4542 NS | p = 0.0065 ** | p = 0.0271 * | p = 0.2501 NS | |
η2 = 0.00 | η2 = 0.00 | η2 = 0.04 | η2 = 0.02 | η2 = 0.01 |
Parameter | Group | Open Eyes M ± SD | Closed Eyes M ± SD | In Footwear M ± SD | Barefoot M ± SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
COP shifts | |||||
SP (mm) | Athletes | 177.3 ± 52.3 | 231.4 ± 66.5 | 222.1 ± 64.8 | 186.7 ± 61.7 |
Control | 184.5 ± 61.2 | 299.8 ± 138.2 | 248.3 ± 127.8 | 236.0 ± 114.9 | |
V (mm/s) | Athletes | 5.9 ± 1.7 | 7.7 ± 2.2 | 7.4 ± 2.1 | 6.2 ± 2.0 |
Control | 6.1 ± 2.0 | 9.9 ± 4.6 | 8.2 ± 4.2 | 7.8 ± 3.8 | |
COP surface area | |||||
AoE (mm2) | Athletes | 172.5 ± 150.1 | 141.1 ± 82.5 | 175.3 ± 137.1 | 138.4 ± 101.8 |
Control | 193.7 ± 164.7 | 252.0 ± 200.4 | 233.1 ± 214.1 | 212.7 ± 151.6 | |
WoE (mm) | Athletes | 9.0 ± 4.6 | 8.3 ± 3.1 | 8.8 ± 3.8 | 8.5 ± 4.1 |
Control | 10.7 ± 3.2 | 12.6 ± 4.3 | 11.4 ± 4.0 | 11.9 ± 3.8 | |
HoE (mm) | Athletes | 22.6 ± 7.5 | 20.7 ± 6.6 | 23.5 ± 6.9 | 19.7 ± 6.9 |
Control | 21.2 ± 11.7 | 23.4 ± 9.2 | 23.5 ± 12.6 | 21.1 ± 8.0 |
Parameter | In Footwear | Barefoot | ANOVA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | M ± SD | F | P | η2 | |
COP shifts | |||||
SP [mm] | 282.6 ± 177.1 | 234.2 ± 146.9 | 1.49 | 0.2285 | 0.03 |
V [mm/s] | 9.4 ± 5.9 | 7.8 ± 4.9 | 1.50 | 0.2257 | 0.03 |
COP surface area | |||||
AoE [mm2] | 150.8 ± 75.8 | 148.9 ± 89.1 | 0.06 | 0.8154 | 0.01 |
WoE [mm] | 8.8 ± 3.2 | 9.2 ± 3.4 | 0.05 | 0.8242 | 0.01 |
HoE [mm] | 21.8 ± 7.2 | 19.9 ± 6.2 | 0.61 | 0.4381 | 0.01 |
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Sadowska, D.; Sacewicz, T.; Lichota, M.; Krzepota, J.; Ładyga, M. Static Postural Balance in Modern Pentathletes: A Pilot Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101760
Sadowska D, Sacewicz T, Lichota M, Krzepota J, Ładyga M. Static Postural Balance in Modern Pentathletes: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(10):1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101760
Chicago/Turabian StyleSadowska, Dorota, Tomasz Sacewicz, Małgorzata Lichota, Justyna Krzepota, and Maria Ładyga. 2019. "Static Postural Balance in Modern Pentathletes: A Pilot Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10: 1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101760
APA StyleSadowska, D., Sacewicz, T., Lichota, M., Krzepota, J., & Ładyga, M. (2019). Static Postural Balance in Modern Pentathletes: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(10), 1760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101760