Access to Street Markets and Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables by Adolescents Living in São Paulo, Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sample
2.2. Data Collection and Processing
2.3. Food Consumption Data
2.4. Fruits and Vegetables
2.5. Street Markets and Households
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n (%) | <P75 | ≥P75 | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | |||
Age (years, n = 521) | ||||
12–15 | 270 (51.8) | 208 (77.1) | 62 (22.9) | 0.227 |
16–19 | 251 (48.2) | 183 (72.9) | 68 (27.1) | |
Sex (n = 521) | ||||
Male | 264 (50.7) | 197 (74.6) | 67 (25.4) | 0.820 |
Female | 257 (49.3) | 194 (75.4) | 63 (24.6) | |
Race (n = 517) | ||||
White | 221 (42.7) | 158 (71.5) | 63 (28.5) | 0.088 |
Non-white | 296 (57.3) | 231 (78.0) | 65 (22.0) | |
Family income per capita (n = 497) * | ||||
≤1 Minimum wage | 296 (59.6) | 235 (79.4) | 61 (20.6) | 0.039 |
>1 Minimum wage | 121 (24.3) | 82 (67.8) | 39 (32.2) | |
No response | 80 (16.1) | |||
Education of the household head (n = 495) | ||||
≤9 years | 242 (48.9) | 194 (80.2) | 48 (19.8) | 0.003 |
10–12 years | 157 (31.7) | 103 (65.6) | 54 (34.4) | |
>12 years | 96 (19.4) | 76 (79.2) | 20 (20.8) | |
Leisure physical activity (n = 521) | ||||
Does not comply with recommendation | 418 (80.2) | 323 (77.3) | 95 (22.7) | 0.018 |
Complies with recommendation | 103 (19.8) | 68 (66.0) | 35 (34.0) | |
Body Mass Index (n = 504) | ||||
Non-overweight | 355 (70.4) | 266 (74.9) | 89 (25.1) | 0.707 |
Overweight | 149 (29.6) | 114 (76.5) | 35 (23.5) | |
Years of residence (n = 521) | ||||
≤5 | 184 (35.3) | 134 (72.8) | 50 (27.2) | 0.386 |
>5 | 337 (64.7) | 257 (76.3) | 80 (23.7) | |
Street market density 500 m buffer | ||||
0 | 258 (49.5) | 198 (76.7) | 60 (23.3) | 0.055 |
1 | 155 (29.8) | 106 (68.4) | 49 (31.6) | |
≥2 | 108 (20.7) | 87 (80.6) | 21 (19.4) | |
Street market density 1000 m buffer | ||||
≤1 | 124 (23.8) | 98 (79.0) | 26 (21.0) | 0.268 |
2–4 | 281 (53.9) | 203 (72.2) | 78 (27.8) | |
≥5 | 116 (22.3) | 90 (77.6) | 26 (22.4) | |
Street market density 1500 m buffer | ||||
≤2 | 101 (19.4) | 84 (83.2) | 17 (16.8) | 0.093 |
3–7 | 232 (44.5) | 167 (72.0) | 65 (28.0) | |
≥8 | 188 (36.1) | 140 (74.5) | 48 (25.5) |
Variable | OR (95% CI) |
---|---|
500 m buffer | |
Street market density | |
0 | ref |
1 | 1.73 (1.01–3.00) * |
≥2 | 0.70 (0.35–1.42) |
Family income per capita | |
≤1 Minimum wage | ref |
>1 Minimum wage | 2.56 (1.47–4.45) * |
1000 m buffer | |
Street market density | |
≤1 | ref |
2–4 | 1.33 (0.70–2.53) |
≥5 | 0.93 (0.41–2.12) |
Family income per capita | |
≤1 Minimum wage | ref |
>1 Minimum wage | 2.30 (1.33–3.96) * |
1500 m buffer | |
Street market density | |
≤2 | ref |
3–7 | 1.97 (0.96–4.04) |
≥8 | 1.51 (0.67–3.44) |
Family income per capita | |
≤1 Minimum wage | ref |
>1 Minimum wage | 2.32 (1.35–4.00) * |
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Share and Cite
Nogueira, L.R.; Fontanelli, M.D.M.; Aguiar, B.S.d.; Failla, M.A.; Florindo, A.A.; Barrozo, L.V.; Goldbaum, M.; Cesar, C.L.G.; Alves, M.C.G.P.; Fisberg, R.M. Access to Street Markets and Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables by Adolescents Living in São Paulo, Brazil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030517
Nogueira LR, Fontanelli MDM, Aguiar BSd, Failla MA, Florindo AA, Barrozo LV, Goldbaum M, Cesar CLG, Alves MCGP, Fisberg RM. Access to Street Markets and Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables by Adolescents Living in São Paulo, Brazil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(3):517. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030517
Chicago/Turabian StyleNogueira, Luana Romão, Mariane De Mello Fontanelli, Breno Souza de Aguiar, Marcelo Antunes Failla, Alex Antonio Florindo, Ligia Vizeu Barrozo, Moisés Goldbaum, Chester Luiz Galvão Cesar, Maria Cecilia Goi Porto Alves, and Regina Mara Fisberg. 2018. "Access to Street Markets and Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables by Adolescents Living in São Paulo, Brazil" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 3: 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030517