Suicidal Ideation among the Chinese Elderly and Its Correlates: A Comparison between the Rural and Urban Populations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Data Sources and Samples
2.2. Measurement of Variables
2.2.1. Dependent Variable
2.2.2. Independent Variables
2.3. Statistical Method
3. Results
3.1. Basic Information of Samples
3.2. Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation
3.3. Logistic Analysis about the Suicide Ideation in Chinese Elderly
4. Conclusions
4.1. Main Findings of This Study
4.2. What Is Already Known on This Topic and What This Study Has Added
4.3. Limitations of This Study
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Frequency (%)/Mean (SD) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Variable | Overall | Urban | Rural |
N | 18,683 (100.00) | 9416 (50.40) | 9267 (49.60) |
Gender | |||
Male | 9608 (51.43) | 4573 (48.57) | 5035 (54.33) |
Female | 9075 (48.57) | 4843 (51.43) | 4232 (45.67) |
Age | 72.30 (7.457) | 72.33 (7.228) | 72.27 (7.684) |
Education level | |||
Illiteracy | 5413 (28.97) | 1435 (15.24) | 3978 (42.93) |
Primary school | 7260 (38.86) | 3141 (33.36) | 4119 (44.45) |
Junior high school or above | 6010 (32.17) | 4840 (51.40) | 1170 (12.63) |
CCP membership | |||
Yes | 4163 (22.28) | 3028 (32.16) | 1135 (12.25) |
No | 14,520 (77.72) | 6388 (67.84) | 8132 (87.75) |
Financial situation | |||
Sufficient | 215 (1.15) | 123 (1.31) | 92 (0.99) |
Relatively sufficient | 2152 (11.52) | 1277 (13.56) | 875 (9.44) |
Roughly enough | 10,762 (57.60) | 6006 (63.79) | 4756 (51.32) |
Relatively insufficient | 4338 (23.22) | 1577 (16.75) | 2761 (29.79) |
Insufficient | 1216 (6.51) | 433 (4.60) | 783 (8.45) |
Marital status | |||
In marriage | 12,262 (65.63) | 6520 (69.24) | 5742 (61.96) |
Not in marriage | 6421 (34.37) | 2896 (30.76) | 3525 (38.04) |
Number of children | 3.21 (1.648) | 2.85 (1.45) | 3.58 (1.75) |
Chronic diseases | |||
Yes | 14,400 (77.08) | 7721 (82.00) | 6679 (72.07) |
No | 4283 (22.92) | 1695 (18.00) | 2588 (27.93) |
Self-rated health status | |||
Very unhealthy | 973 (5.21) | 375 (3.98) | 598 (6.45) |
Unhealthy | 3563 (19.07) | 1434 (15.23) | 2129 (22.97) |
Average | 9810 (52.51) | 5241 (55.66) | 4569 (49.30) |
Healthy | 3643 (19.50) | 2013 (21.38) | 1630 (17.59) |
Very healthy | 694 (3.71) | 353 (3.75) | 341 (3.68) |
Disability of daily living | 1.33 (0.440) | 1.28 (0.420) | 1.37 (0.460) |
Depression | 4.90 (3.400) | 4.04 (3.120) | 5.78 (3.450) |
Visiting neighbors | |||
Frequently | 5044 (26.00) | 1912 (20.31) | 3132 (33.80) |
Occasionally | 8765 (46.91) | 4346 (46.16) | 4419 (47.69) |
Never | 4874 (26.09) | 3158 (33.54) | 1716 (18.52) |
People who can help you | |||
Yes | 16,873 (90.31) | 8441 (89.65) | 8432 (90.99) |
No | 1810 (9.69) | 975 (10.35) | 835 (9.01) |
Negative life events | |||
Yes | 6863 (36.73) | 3014 (32.01) | 3849 (41.53) |
No | 11,820 (63.27) | 6402 (67.99) | 5418 (58.47) |
Religious belief | |||
Yes | 2640 (14.13) | 1412 (15.00) | 1228 (13.25) |
No | 16,043 (85.87) | 8004 (85.00) | 8039 (86.75) |
Overall | Urban | Rural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | % | p | % | p | % | p |
Overall | 2.77 | 1.95 | 3.60 | |||
Gender | 0.004 | 0.066 | 0.006 | |||
Male | 2.44 | 1.68 | 3.12 | |||
Female | 3.13 | 2.21 | 4.18 | |||
Age | - | 0.000 | - | 0.000 | - | 0.000 |
Education level | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
Illiteracy | 4.67 | 4.04 | 4.90 | |||
Primary school | 2.42 | 2.01 | 2.74 | |||
Junior high school or above | 1.48 | 1.95 | 2.22 | |||
CCP membership | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.002 | |||
Yes | 1.54 | 1.35 | 2.03 | |||
No | 3.13 | 2.24 | 3.82 | |||
Financial situation | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
Sufficient | 0.93 | 0.00 | 2.17 | |||
Relatively sufficient | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.91 | |||
Roughly enough | 1.33 | 1.08 | 1.64 | |||
Relatively insufficient | 5.30 | 4.31 | 5.87 | |||
Insufficient | 10.12 | 9.01 | 10.73 | |||
Marital status | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | |||
In marriage | 2.27 | 1.66 | 2.96 | |||
Not in marriage | 3.74 | 2.62 | 4.65 | |||
Number of children | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.024 | |||
Chronic diseases | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
Yes | 3.32 | 2.25 | 4.55 | |||
No | 0.93 | 0.59 | 1.16 | |||
Self-rated health status | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
Very unhealthy | 11.92 | 13.07 | 11.20 | |||
Unhealthy | 6.01 | 4.32 | 7.14 | |||
Average | 1.51 | 1.09 | 1.99 | |||
Healthy | 0.96 | 0.70 | 1.29 | |||
Very healthy | 0.72 | 0.57 | 0.88 | |||
Disability of daily living | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
Depression | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
Visiting neighbors | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
Frequently | 2.24 | 1.88 | 2.46 | |||
Occasionally | 2.21 | 1.27 | 3.15 | |||
Never | 4.33 | 2.94 | 6.88 | |||
People who can help you | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
Yes | 2.41 | 1.72 | 3.10 | |||
No | 6.19 | 4.00 | 8.74 | |||
Negative life events | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
Yes | 4.30 | 3.68 | 4.78 | |||
No | 1.89 | 1.14 | 2.77 | |||
Religious belief | 0.000 | 0.080 | 0.000 | |||
Yes | 3.94 | 2.55 | 5.54 | |||
No | 2.58 | 1.85 | 3.31 |
Model 1-Overall | Model 2-Urban | Model 3-Rural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | OR | p | OR | p | OR | p |
Gender (Male) | 1.055 | 0.619 | 1.113 | 0.566 | 1.019 | 0.887 |
Age | 1.002 | 0.811 | 1.026 | 0.046 | 0.990 | 0.276 |
Education level (Ref. = junior high school or above) | ||||||
Primary school | 0.863 | 0.315 | 0.877 | 0.516 | 0.869 | 0.546 |
Illiteracy | 1.057 | 0.728 | 1.049 | 0.842 | 1.070 | 0.775 |
CCP membership (Yes) | 1.032 | 0.837 | 1.212 | 0.363 | 0.817 | 0.388 |
Financial situation (Ref. = insufficient) | ||||||
Relatively insufficient | 0.921 | 0.522 | 0.922 | 0.732 | 0.908 | 0.535 |
Roughly enough | 0.501 | 0.000 | 0.546 | 0.018 | 0.466 | 0.000 |
Relatively sufficient | 0.495 | 0.009 | 0.620 | 0.220 | 0.371 | 0.012 |
Sufficient | 0.419 | 0.235 | 0.000 | 0.996 | 0.677 | 0.602 |
Marital status (Yes) | 1.195 | 0.102 | 1.431 | 0.062 | 1.056 | 0.686 |
Number of children | 1.073 | 0.010 | 1.048 | 0.371 | 1.085 | 0.012 |
Chronic diseases (Yes) | 2.000 | 0.000 | 1.650 | 0.154 | 2.158 | 0.000 |
Self-rated health status (Ref. = very healthy) | ||||||
Healthy | 1.037 | 0.940 | 0.756 | 0.715 | 1.228 | 0.745 |
Average | 0.777 | 0.589 | 0.570 | 0.447 | 0.932 | 0.907 |
Unhealthy | 1.143 | 0.778 | 0.807 | 0.777 | 1.380 | 0.597 |
Very unhealthy | 1.167 | 0.753 | 1.278 | 0.754 | 1.110 | 0.869 |
Disability of daily living | 1.602 | 0.000 | 1.305 | 0.140 | 1.726 | 0.000 |
Depression | 1.302 | 0.000 | 1.338 | 0.000 | 1.280 | 0.000 |
Visiting neighbors (Ref. = never) | ||||||
Occasionally | 0.666 | 0.000 | 0.648 | 0.019 | 0.650 | 0.002 |
Frequently | 0.930 | 0.591 | 1.352 | 0.174 | 0.767 | 0.118 |
People who can help you | 0.550 | 0.000 | 0.559 | 0.004 | 0.555 | 0.000 |
Influence of major events | 1.095 | 0.362 | 1.412 | 0.045 | 0.952 | 0.692 |
Religious belief | 1.462 | 0.002 | 1.118 | 0.588 | 1.708 | 0.000 |
Location (Rural) | 1.084 | 0.471 | ||||
Constant | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Nagelkerke R2 | 0.2282 | 0.2557 | 0.2400 |
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Wei, J.; Zhang, J.; Deng, Y.; Sun, L.; Guo, P. Suicidal Ideation among the Chinese Elderly and Its Correlates: A Comparison between the Rural and Urban Populations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 422. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030422
Wei J, Zhang J, Deng Y, Sun L, Guo P. Suicidal Ideation among the Chinese Elderly and Its Correlates: A Comparison between the Rural and Urban Populations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(3):422. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030422
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei, Jianwen, Jie Zhang, Yuping Deng, Long Sun, and Ping Guo. 2018. "Suicidal Ideation among the Chinese Elderly and Its Correlates: A Comparison between the Rural and Urban Populations" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 3: 422. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030422