Fat Mass Index and Body Mass Index Affect Peak Metabolic Equivalent Negatively during Exercise Test among Children and Adolescents in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subject Characteristics
2.2. Treadmill Exercise Testing
2.3. Anthropometry-Body Composition
2.4. Pulmonary Function Test
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Height (cm) | Weight (kg) | BMI (kg/m2) | U (%) | N (%) | O (%) | F (%) | FM (kg) | FMI (kg/m2) | FFM (kg) | FFMI (kg/m2) | Excess Adiposity by FMI II | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Girl | N = 336 | 152.50 ± 10.44 | 46.14 ± 11.20 | 19.54 ± 3.76 | 18.8 | 65.2 | 8.9 | 7.1 | 11.01 ± 5.72 | 4.68 ± 2.28 | 35.13 ± 6.41 | 14.99 ± 1.60 | 13.1% |
Boy | N = 302 | 160.64 ± 13.41 | 54.09 ± 17.19 | 20.91 ± 7.49 | 17.2 | 54.0 | 15.6 | 13.2 | 9.84 ± 8.26 | 3.69 ± 2.80 | 44.25 ± 10.23 | 16.93 ± 2.10 | 19.7% |
Total | N = 638 | 156.35 ± 12.60 | 49.90 ± 14.88 | 20.19 ± 5.86 | 18.0 | 59.9 | 12.1 | 10.0 | 10.46 ± 7.05 | 4.21 ± 2.58 | 39.44 ± 9.58 | 15.91 ± 2.29 | 16.2% |
p-value | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.004 * | <0.001 *,a | 0.040 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.024 *,a |
Age | Girl | Height (cm) | Weight (kg) | BMI (kg/m2) | U (%) | N (%) | O (%) | F (%) | FM (kg) | FMI (kg/m2) | FFM (kg) | FFMI (kg/m2) | Excess Adiposity by FMI Class-II |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boy | |||||||||||||
Total | |||||||||||||
10 | N = 58 | 138.56 ± 8.62 | 35.40 ± 8.40 | 18.34 ± 3.47 | 13.8 | 65.5 | 8.6 | 12.1 | 7.74 ± 4.20 | 4.04 ± 2.09 | 27.65 ± 5.02 | 14.30 ± 1.56 | 13.8% |
N = 35 | 141.08 ± 6.14 | 39.80 ± 10.90 | 19.79 ±4.10 | 8.6 | 60.0 | 20.0 | 11.4 | 7.06 ± 5.89 | 3.42 ± 2.53 | 32.75 ± 5.31 | 16.38 ± 1.70 | 17.1% | |
N = 93 | 139.51 ± 7.84 | 37.05 ± 9.60 | 18.88 ± 3.76 | 11.8 | 63.4 | 12.9 | 11.8 | 7.48 ± 4.88 | 3.81 ± 2.27 | 29.57 ± 5.68 | 15.08 ± 1.90 | 15.1% | |
p-Value | 0.135 | 0.031 * | 0.070 | 0.245 a | 0.514 | 0.207 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.662 a | ||||
11 | N = 39 | 146.70 ± 9.87 | 37.30 ± 7.72 | 17.25 ± 2.82 | 41.0 | 51.3 | 5.1 | 2.6 | 7.09 ± 3.63 | 3.33 ± 1.81 | 30.20 ± 5.25 | 13.94 ± 1.21 | 7.7% |
N = 32 | 145.94 ± 7.72 | 40.03 ± 11.44 | 18.78 ± 4.22 | 25.0 | 46.9 | 9.4 | 18.8 | 6.52 ± 5.32 | 2.99 ± 2.29 | 33.52 ± 6.99 | 15.61 ± 2.32 | 3.1% | |
N = 71 | 146.36 ± 8.97 | 38.53 ± 9.60 | 17.94 ± 3.58 | 33.8 | 49.3 | 7.0 | 9.9 | 6.83 ± 4.45 | 3.17 ± 2.03 | 31.70 ± 6.28 | 14.69 ± 1.97 | 5.6% | |
p-Value | 0.725 | 0.253 | 0.085 | 0.022 *,a | 0.605 | 0.488 | 0.026 * | <0.001 * | 0.406 a | ||||
12 | N = 38 | 151.02 ± 9.07 | 43.86 ± 8.28 | 18.62 ± 3.90 | 7.9 | 78.9 | 10.5 | 2.6 | 9.19 ± 4.18 | 4.07 ± 1.95 | 34.67 ± 5.52 | 15.17 ± 2.05 | 10.5% |
N = 50 | 153.86 ± 8.65 | 48.29 ± 11.75 | 22.38 ± 14.86 | 12.0 | 58.0 | 16.0 | 14.0 | 8.21 ± 5.95 | 3.44 ± 2.40 | 40.08 ± 6.90 | 16.84 ± 1.96 | 18.0% | |
N = 88 | 152.63 ± 8.90 | 46.38 ± 10.57 | 20.76 ± 11.59 | 10.2 | 67.0 | 13.6 | 9.1 | 8.63 ± 5.26 | 3.71 ± 2.23 | 37.75 ± 6.86 | 16.12 ± 2.16 | 14.8% | |
p-Value | 0.138 | 0.041 * | 0.132 | 0.084 a | 0.388 | 0.192 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.436 a | ||||
13 | N = 36 | 157.02 ± 7.29 | 48.64 ± 9.67 | 19.70 ± 3.56 | 25.0 | 55.6 | 13.9 | 5.6 | 11.38 ± 5.42 | 4.61 ± 2.24 | 37.26 ± 5.19 | 15.07 ± 1.49 | 16.7% |
N = 43 | 163.20 ± 8.65 | 55.81 ± 12.10 | 20.38 ± 4.73 | 9.3 | 58.1 | 18.6 | 14.0 | 9.64 ± 7.03 | 3.59 ± 2.49 | 46.16 ± 6.00 | 17.31 ± 1.57 | 15.0% | |
N = 79 | 160.39 ± 8.59 | 52.54 ± 11.57 | 20.07 ± 4.22 | 16.5 | 57.0 | 16.5 | 10.1 | 10.43 ± 6.37 | 4.06 ± 2.42 | 42.11 ± 7.17 | 16.29 ± 1.89 | 15.8% | |
p-Value | 0.001 * | 0.005 * | 0.477 | 0.189 a | 0.230 | 0.061 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.842 a | ||||
14 | N = 40 | 157.46 ± 5.60 | 51.60 ± 11.62 | 20.47 ± 4.83 | 22.5 | 60.0 | 5.0 | 12.5 | 13.43 ± 7.38 | 5.42 ± 2.92 | 38.17 ± 4.90 | 15.37 ± 1.65 | 17.5% |
N = 38 | 166.50 ± 8.66 | 58.82 ± 19.21 | 20.80 ± 6.46 | 26.3 | 474 | 13.2 | 13.2 | 11.45 ± 11.31 | 4.05 ± 3.93 | 47.37 ± 9.03 | 16.99 ± 2.40 | 23.7% | |
N = 78 | 161.87 ± 8.52 | 55.12 ± 16.09 | 20.63 ± 5.64 | 24.4 | 53.8 | 9.0 | 12.8 | 12.47 ± 9.49 | 4.75 ± 3.49 | 42.65 ± 8.53 | 16.16 ± 2.19 | 20.5% | |
p-Value | <0.001 * | 0.050 * | 0.794 | 0.346 a | 0.361 | 0.085 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.499 a | ||||
15 | N = 49 | 158.52 ± 5.43 | 53.36 ± 9.25 | 21.23 ± 3.50 | 8.2 | 67.3 | 18.4 | 6.1 | 14.15 ± 5.84 | 5.64 ± 2.31 | 39.21 ± 4.17 | 15.60 ± 1.37 | 20.4% |
N = 43 | 169.40 ± 7.14 | 61.82 ± 18.52 | 21.61 ± 4.72 | 27.9 | 39.5 | 20.9 | 11.6 | 11.74 ± 9.47 | 3.99 ± 2.93 | 50.07 ± 9.90 | 17.38 ± 2.61 | 34.9% | |
N = 92 | 163.61 ± 8.30 | 57.31 ± 14.89 | 21.41 ± 4.10 | 17.4 | 54.3 | 19.6 | 8.7 | 13.02 ± 7.80 | 4.87 ± 2.73 | 44.29 ± 9.17 | 16.41 ± 2.22 | 27.2% | |
p-Value | <0.001 * | 0.006 * | 0.663 | 0.391 a | 0.141 | 0.003 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.119 a | ||||
16 | N = 30 | 157.30 ± 6.14 | 50.38 ± 7.12 | 20.24 ± 2.98 | 20.0 | 66.7 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 12.50 ± 4.40 | 5.08 ± 1.82 | 37.89 ± 3.27 | 15.34 ± 1.39 | 10.0% |
N = 33 | 172.33 ± 5.96 | 62.34 ± 13.29 | 20.96 ± 4.38 | 12.1 | 66.7 | 15.2 | 6.1 | 11.08 ± 8.10 | 3.73 ± 2.71 | 51.27 ± 5.62 | 17.27 ± 1.77 | 18.2% | |
N = 63 | 165.18 ± 9.65 | 58.65 ± 12.30 | 20.61 ± 3.76 | 15.9 | 66.7 | 11.1 | 6.3 | 11.75 ± 6.59 | 4.37 ± 2.41 | 44.89 ± 8.16 | 16.35 ± 1.86 | 14.3% | |
p-Value | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.452 | 0.411 a | 0.398 | <0.001 * | 0.025 * | <0.001 * | 0.354 a | ||||
17 | N = 38 | 158.88 ± 5.09 | 52.24 ± 8.64 | 20.68 ± 3.26 | 15.8 | 73.7 | 2.6 | 7.9 | 13.35 ± 5.30 | 5.30 ± 2.09 | 38.89 ± 4.15 | 15.40 ± 1.35 | 7.9% |
N = 23 | 175.19 ± 4.88 | 70.06 ± 17.97 | 22.67 ± 4.94 | 17.4 | 47.8 | 13.0 | 21.7 | 14.94 ± 10.40 | 4.78 ± 3.13 | 55.12 ± 7.76 | 17.90 ± 1.86 | 34.8% | |
N = 61 | 165.03 ± 9.40 | 58.96 ± 15.50 | 21.43 ± 4.05 | 16.4 | 63.9 | 6.6 | 13.1 | 13.95 ± 7.59 | 5.10 ± 2.52 | 45.01 ± 9.78 | 16.34 ± 1.97 | 18.0% | |
p-Value | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.094 | 0.021 *,a | 0.433 | 0.440 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.008 *,a | ||||
18 | N = 8 | 158.42 ± 6.47 | 50.35 ± 6.33 | 20.06 ± 1.78 | 25.0 | 75.0 | 0 | 0 | 12.89 ± 2.87 | 5.13 ± 1.07 | 37.46 ± 4.03 | 14.90 ± 0.86 | 0% |
N = 6 | 170.45 ± 6.80 | 58.18 ± 8.58 | 19.93 ± 1.60 | 16.7 | 83.3 | 0 | 0 | 10.00 ± 3.76 | 3.40 ± 1.08 | 48.18 ± 5.24 | 16.54 ± 0.62 | 0% | |
N = 14 | 163.58 ± 8.86 | 53.71 ± 8.13 | 20.01 ± 1.64 | 21.4 | 78.6 | 0 | 0 | 11.65 ± 3.47 | 4.39 ± 1.36 | 42.06 ± 7.04 | 15.60 ± 1.12 | 0% | |
p-Value | 0.006 * | 0.072 | 0.891 | NA | 0.128 | 0.011 * | 0.001 * | 0.002 * | NA |
Classify by BMI | Girl | Boy | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (N = 217) | E (N = 54) | p-Value | N (N = 163) | E (N = 87) | p-Value | N (N = 380) | E (N = 141) | p-Value | |
AT MET | 6.16 ± 1.09 | 5.90 ± 1.10 | 0.129 | 7.41 ± 1.25 | 6.33 ± 1.35 | <0.001 * | 6.70 ± 1.32 | 6.17 ± 1.27 | <0.001 * |
PEAK MET | 8.71 ± 1.50 | 7.98 ± 1.44 | 0.001 * | 10.93 ± 1.69 | 9.09 ± 2.05 | <0.001 * | 9.66 ± 1.92 | 8.67 ± 1.91 | <0.001 * |
Classify by FMI Class-I | N (N = 240) | E (N = 81) | p-value | N (N = 219) | E (N = 72) | p-value | N (N = 459) | E (N = 153) | p-value |
AT MET | 6.30 ± 1.10 | 5.88 ± 1.15 | 0.003 * | 7.42 ± 1.30 | 6.10 ± 1.22 | <0.001 * | 6.84 ± 1.34 | 5.98 ± 1.18 | <0.001 * |
PEAK MET | 8.92 ± 1.48 | 8.01 ± 1.37 | <0.001 * | 10.90 ± 1.73 | 8.81 ± 2.02 | <0.001 * | 9.86 ± 1.88 | 8.38 ± 1.75 | <0.001 * |
Classify by FMI Class-II | N (N = 290) | E (N = 44) | p-value | N (N = 240) | E (N = 59) | p-value | N (N = 530) | E (N = 103) | p-value |
AT MET | 6.24 ± 1.10 | 5.77 ± 1.14 | 0.009 * | 7.35 ± 1.33 | 6.07 ± 1.27 | <0.001 * | 6.75 ± 1.34 | 5.94 ± 1.22 | <0.001 * |
PEAK MET | 8.80 ± 1.48 | 7.85 ± 1.42 | <0.001 * | 10.77 ± 1.78 | 8.78 ± 2.10 | <0.001 * | 9.69 ± 1.90 | 8.38 ± 1.89 | <0.001 * |
Simple Correlation | Partial Correlation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
AT MET | PEAK MET | AT MET | PEAK MET | |
BMI | −0.172 (95% CI: −0.101~−0.327) | −0.207 (95% CI: −0.134~−0.372) | −0.106 | −0.137 |
<0.001 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | |
FMI | −0.400 (95% CI: −0.310~−0.449) | −0.474 (95% CI: −0.411~−0.548) | −0.334 | −0.393 |
<0.001 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * |
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Tuan, S.; Su, H.; Chen, Y.; Li, M.; Tsai, Y.; Yang, C.; Lin, K. Fat Mass Index and Body Mass Index Affect Peak Metabolic Equivalent Negatively during Exercise Test among Children and Adolescents in Taiwan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 263. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020263
Tuan S, Su H, Chen Y, Li M, Tsai Y, Yang C, Lin K. Fat Mass Index and Body Mass Index Affect Peak Metabolic Equivalent Negatively during Exercise Test among Children and Adolescents in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(2):263. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020263
Chicago/Turabian StyleTuan, Shenghui, Hungtzu Su, Yijen Chen, Minhui Li, Yunjen Tsai, Chunhan Yang, and Kolong Lin. 2018. "Fat Mass Index and Body Mass Index Affect Peak Metabolic Equivalent Negatively during Exercise Test among Children and Adolescents in Taiwan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 2: 263. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020263