Children’s Independent Mobility: Current Knowledge, Future Directions, and Public Health Implications
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Children’s Independent Mobility—Indicators and Measurements
2.1. Indicators of CIM
2.2. Measurements of CIM and Their Application in Empirical Studies
3. Children’s Independent Mobility as Health-Related Behavior
4. Prevalence and Trends in Children’s Independent Mobility
5. Socio-Ecological Correlates of Children’s Independent Mobility
6. Future Directions and Practical Implications
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | 1971 (%) | 1990 (%) | 2010 (%) | Relative Differences in CIM (1990–2010) (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Germany 1 [7] | 93 | 76 | −18 | |
England 1 [7] | 86 | 35 | 25 | −29 |
Finland 2 [6] | 85 | 65 | −24 | |
Australia 3 [8] | 68 | 31 | −54 | |
New Zealand 4 [63] | 98 | 91 | −7 |
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Marzi, I.; Reimers, A.K. Children’s Independent Mobility: Current Knowledge, Future Directions, and Public Health Implications. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112441
Marzi I, Reimers AK. Children’s Independent Mobility: Current Knowledge, Future Directions, and Public Health Implications. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(11):2441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112441
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarzi, Isabel, and Anne Kerstin Reimers. 2018. "Children’s Independent Mobility: Current Knowledge, Future Directions, and Public Health Implications" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11: 2441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112441
APA StyleMarzi, I., & Reimers, A. K. (2018). Children’s Independent Mobility: Current Knowledge, Future Directions, and Public Health Implications. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 2441. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112441