Multimorbidity in Chronic Conditions: Public Primary Care Patients in Four Greater Mekong Countries
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Sample and Procedure
3. Measures
4. Data Analysis
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chronic Condition | % | Percentage with Comorbidity | Mean Multimorbidity (SD)-Total | Mean Multimorbidity (SD)-18–49 Years | Mean Multimorbidity (SD)-50–94 Years |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | 37.4 | 43.5 | 2.98 (1.5) | 2.83 (1.6) | 3.01 (1.5) |
Depression | 34.4 | 47.3 | 3.58 (1.3) | 3.39 (1.3) | 3.70 (1.3) |
Digestive diseases | 32.0 | 34.1 | 2.99 (1.7) | 2.59 (1.6) | 3.59 (1.7) |
Anxiety | 19.4 | 26.6 | 3.74 (1.3) | 3.51 (1.3) | 3.88 (1.3) |
Musculoskeletal diseases | 16.4 | 18.1 | 3.04 (1.7) | 2.84 (1.8) | 3.14 (1.7) |
Type 2 diabetes | 16.4 | 18.9 | 3.02 (1.5) | 2.86 (1.5) | 3.05 (1.5) |
Daily tobacco use | 16.0 | 22.0 | 3.62 (1.4) | 3.45 (1.4) | 3.70 (1.7) |
CVD 1 | 15.9 | 20.0 | 3.57 (1.7) | 3.83 (1.9) | 3.47 (1.6) |
Arthritis | 15.9 | 18.3 | 3.54 (1.8) | 3.26 (1.9) | 3.30 (1.6) |
Dyslipidaemia | 10.4 | 13.8 | 3.46 (1.4) | 3.06 (1.4) | 3.64 (1.4) |
Alcohol use disorder | 7.8 | 10.6 | 3.44 (1.3) | 3.28 (1.3) | 3.73 (1.4) |
Migraine or frequent headaches | 7.0 | 8.0 | 3.62 (2.0) | 3.33 (1.9) | 4.10 (1.8) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5.6 | 6.9 | 3.56 (1.8) | 3.74 (1.9) | 3.48 (1.8) |
Asthma | 4.5 | 4.5 | 2.82 (1.9) | 2.52 (1.9) | 3.07 (1.9) |
Kidney disease | 4.5 | 5.4 | 4.11 (1.9) | 3.92 (1.9) | 3.99 (1.7) |
Liver disease | 4.1 | 4.8 | 3.07 (1.7) | 2.77 (1.7) | 3.46 (1.7) |
Mental illness | 2.4 | 3.0 | 4.44 (2.2) | 4.55 (2.3) | 4.32 (2.0) |
Thyroid disease | 1.8 | 2.0 | 3.03 (1.8) | 2.59 (1.6) | 3.38 (1.7) |
Cancer | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.80 (1.6) | 2.93 (1.7) | 2.74 (1.5) |
Parkinson’s disease | 1.6 | 1.8 | 4.10 (2.6) | 5.30 (2.6) | 3.45 (2.3) |
Epilepsy | 0.4 | 0.3 | 2.43 (1.9) | 2.40 (2.0) | 2.67 (0.6) |
Hypertension N = 2331 | Type 2 Diabetes N = 1022 | CVD N = 992 | COPD N = 351 | Arthritis N = 991 | Musculoskeletal Diseases N = 1025 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comorbid Condition | % | % | % | % | % | % | |||||
Depression | 34.6 | Hypertension | 56.7 | Hypertension | 48.5 | Depression | 56.9 | Depression | 47.5 | Hypertension | 29.4 |
Type 2 diabetes | 24.8 | Depression | 34.3 | Depression | 47.6 | Digestive diseases | 36.2 | Digestive diseases | 40.0 | Digestive diseases | 26.0 |
CVD | 20.6 | Anxiety | 20.7 | Digestive diseases | 26.2 | Daily tobacco use | 31.1 | Hypertension | 28.5 | Depression | 24.4 |
Dyslipidaemia | 19.0 | Dyslipidaemia | 19.5 | Anxiety | 23.2 | CVD | 20.8 | Musculoskeletal diseases | 22.0 | Arthritis | 21.3 |
Anxiety | 18.9 | Daily tobacco use | 13.1 | Arthritis | 18.4 | Anxiety | 20.6 | Anxiety | 20.8 | Daily tobacco use | 17.1 |
Daily tobacco use | 16.9 | CVD | 11.3 | Daily tobacco use | 17.9 | Hypertension | 19.4 | CVD | 18.5 | Anxiety | 16.5 |
Digestive diseases | 14.6 | Digestive diseases | 12.1 | Musculoskeletal diseases | 13.3 | Arthritis | 17.9 | Daily tobacco use | 18.4 | CVD | 12.9 |
Musculoskeletal diseases | 12.9 | Arthritis | 7.5 | Dyslipidaemia | 12.2 | Musculoskeletal diseases | 12.3 | Migraine | 12.2 | Alcohol use disorder | 10.0 |
Arthritis | 12.1 | Musculoskeletal diseases | 7.5 | Type 2 diabetes | 11.6 | Migraine | 8.3 | Kidney disease | 8.4 | Dyslipidaemia | 9.5 |
Alcohol use disorder | 5.3 | Alcohol use disorder | 3.8 | Migraine | 9.1 | Asthma | 7.4 | Type 2 diabetes | 7.8 | Migraine | 9.4 |
Variable | Two Chronic Conditions versus One Chronic Condition | Three or More Chronic Conditions versus One Chronic Condition |
---|---|---|
AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
Sex | ||
Female | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Male | 1.80 (1.43, 2.26) *** | 2.19 (1.77, 2.71) *** |
Age (in years) | ||
18–49 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
50–94 | 1.36 (1.11, 1.67) ** | 1.83 (1.52, 2.21) *** |
Education | ||
Grade 0–5 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Grade 6–11 | 0.78 (0.62, 0.99) * | 0.44 (0.36, 0.54) *** |
Grade 12 or more | 0.59 (0.44, 0.78) *** | 0.30 (0.23, 0.39) *** |
Income | ||
Low | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
High | 1.05 (0.85, 1.30) | 0.97 (0.80, 1.18) |
Geolocality | ||
Urban | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Rural | 1.06 (0.86, 1.32) | 1.24 (1.02, 1.51) * |
Quality of Life | ||
Low | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Medium | 0.69 (0.50, 0.96) * | 0.47 (0.34, 0.64) *** |
High | 0.77 (0.62, 0.96) * | 0.65 (0.54, 0.79) *** |
Physical inactivity | ||
No | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) |
Yes | 0.90 (0.73, 1.13) | 1.20 (0.98, 1.46) |
Poor diet index (scale) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.31) | 1.26 (1.05, 1.52) * |
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Pengpid, S.; Peltzer, K. Multimorbidity in Chronic Conditions: Public Primary Care Patients in Four Greater Mekong Countries. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091019
Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Multimorbidity in Chronic Conditions: Public Primary Care Patients in Four Greater Mekong Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(9):1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091019
Chicago/Turabian StylePengpid, Supa, and Karl Peltzer. 2017. "Multimorbidity in Chronic Conditions: Public Primary Care Patients in Four Greater Mekong Countries" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 9: 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14091019