Risk Factors for Mortality among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients Following Antiretroviral Therapy in Southwestern Ethiopia: An Assessment through Survival Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Setting
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Standard Follow-Up of HIV Patients on ART
2.4. Variables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Approval
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. HIV/AIDS Mortality Rate
4.2. Survival Models
4.3. Factors Associated with the Risk of Death
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgements
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Covariates | Total | Death N (%) | Censored N (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 312 | 41 (13.1) | 271 (86.9) |
Male | 144 | 25 (17.4) | 119 (82.6) | |
Age | <25 | 99 | 7 (7.1) | 92 (92.9) |
25–35 | 224 | 29 (12.9) | 195 (87.1) | |
>35 | 133 | 30 (22.6) | 103 (77.4) | |
CD4 | ≤200 | 316 | 44 (13.9) | 272 (86.1) |
>200 | 140 | 22 (15.7) | 118 (84.3) | |
TB status | Negative | 247 | 27 (10.9) | 220 (89.1) |
Positive | 209 | 39 (18.7) | 170 (81.3) | |
POI | No | 255 | 26 (10.2) | 229 (89.8) |
Yes | 401 | 40 (19.9) | 161 (80.1) | |
WHO stage | I | 65 | 5 (7.7) | 60 (92.3) |
II | 149 | 20 (13.4) | 129 (86.6) | |
III | 188 | 22 (11.7) | 166 (88.3) | |
IV | 54 | 19 (35.2) | 35 (64.8) | |
Adherence | Low | 102 | 27 (26.5) | 75 (73.5) |
High | 354 | 39 (11.0) | 315 (89.0) | |
Regimen | 1a | 366 | 49 (13.4) | 317 (86.6) |
1b | 48 | 9 (18.8) | 39 (81.3) | |
1c | 30 | 6 (20.0) | 24 (80.0) | |
1d | 12 | 2 (16.7) | 10 (83.3) |
Cox | Exponential | Weibull | Log-logistic | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AHR (95% C.I.) | AHR (95% C.I.) | AHR (95% C.I.) | (95% C.I.) | |
Gender | ||||
Female | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Male | 1.42 (0.81–2.49) | 1.59 (0.90–2.80) | 1.46 (0.84–2.58) | 0.63 (0.27–1.41) |
Age | ||||
<25 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
25–35 | 1.56 (0.66–3.62) | 1.53 (0.65–3.59) | 1.56 (0.67–3.64) | 0.53 (0.16–1.73) |
≥35 | 3.45 * (1.45–8.24) | 4.07 * (1.70–9.77) | 3.81 * (1.60–9.08) | 0.16 * (0.05–0.58) |
BW | 0.94 * (0.91–0.97) | 0.93 * (0.89–0.95) | 0.93 * (0.90–0.97) | 1.08 * (1.04–1.14) |
CD4 | ||||
≥200 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
<200 | 1.58 (0.89–2.79) | 1.88 * (1.05–3.37) | 1.73 (0.98–3.07) | 0.53 (0.24–1.21) |
TB | ||||
Negative | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Positive | 1.28 (0.74–2.15) | 1.32 (0.76–2.28) | 1.33 (0.77–2.29) | 0.67 (0.31–1.48) |
OI | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 1.38 (0.78–2.43) | 1.46 (0.84–2.55) | 1.44 (0.83–2.52) | 0.59 (0.26–1.33) |
Regimen | ||||
1a | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1b | 0.78 (0.36–1.68) | 0.65 (0.29–1.40) | 0.73 (0.34–1.58) | 1.25 (0.39–4.05) |
1c | 0.95 (0.38–2.32) | 1.00 (0.41–2.46) | 0.99 (0.41–2.44) | 0.85 (0.22–3.25) |
1d | 1.81 (0.42–3.73) | 2.20 (0.50–3.93) | 2.04 (0.49–8.81) | 0.39 (0.11–3.25) |
WHO stage | ||||
I | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
II | 1.75 (0.64–4.79) | 1.68 (0.62–4.57) | 1.67 (0.62–4.52) | 0.44 (0.11–1.84) |
III | 1.70 (0.63–4.58) | 1.69 (0.63–4.54) | 1.61 (0.61–4.32) | 0.51 (0.02–2.03) |
IV | 5.68 (2.06–15.71) | 7.1 * (2.56–11.93) | 6.2 * (2.24–14.17) | 0.07 * (0.06–0.35) |
Adherence | ||||
High | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Low | 3.78 * (2.23–6.42) | 5.03 (2.96–8.55) | 4.16 * (2.45–7.07) | 0.14 * (0.06–0.33) |
AIC | 696 | 504 | 492 | 497 |
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Seyoum, D.; Degryse, J.-M.; Kifle, Y.G.; Taye, A.; Tadesse, M.; Birlie, B.; Banbeta, A.; Rosas-Aguirre, A.; Duchateau, L.; Speybroeck, N. Risk Factors for Mortality among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients Following Antiretroviral Therapy in Southwestern Ethiopia: An Assessment through Survival Models. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030296
Seyoum D, Degryse J-M, Kifle YG, Taye A, Tadesse M, Birlie B, Banbeta A, Rosas-Aguirre A, Duchateau L, Speybroeck N. Risk Factors for Mortality among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients Following Antiretroviral Therapy in Southwestern Ethiopia: An Assessment through Survival Models. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(3):296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030296
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeyoum, Dinberu, Jean-Marie Degryse, Yehenew Getachew Kifle, Ayele Taye, Mulualem Tadesse, Belay Birlie, Akalu Banbeta, Angel Rosas-Aguirre, Luc Duchateau, and Niko Speybroeck. 2017. "Risk Factors for Mortality among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients Following Antiretroviral Therapy in Southwestern Ethiopia: An Assessment through Survival Models" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 3: 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030296