Life after Stroke in an Urban Minority Population: A Photovoice Project
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Photovoice Sessions
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographics
3.2. Conceptual Model of Recovery
3.2.1. Stroke Experience
“The day I came home it took me almost half an hour to get to the front door to the lobby. I was crushed. I wanted to just cry, crawl under a rock or just be somewhere there was no one... It wasn’t until then that I realized my life was over…”
3.2.2. Coping: Acknowledgement versus Avoidance
“This is an obstacle course... I found out you have to be twice as cautious and more tentative walking…and I didn’t want people to help me, I was sweatin’ bullets, but I had to take that challenge.”
“… I was helping a lot of people…because of their personality I didn’t want them to know I was sick. So I refused talking to them at all, because in my mind I felt that it was better that they be angry with me than to feel that I was sick.”
3.2.3. Reflection: Integration versus Isolation
“You know, I’m not going to be the same person and I don’t really care… I’m still who I am, I’m just a little bit awkward now… Sometimes you got to go through bad…in order [to] really appreciate who you are.”
3.2.4. Adaptation: Long-Term Changes
“[The] negative is that, that’s it for life…we got to take that forever now; we don’t give it up just cause we feel better…the pills are our life… It is a positive that you’re still alive…you are living.” (Figure 5)
“If you had issues with yourself or with not accomplishing, you can get into gardening and forget all the negativity… When I garden I talk to myself…it’s almost like you can look at yourself and see that you’re coming along, like each day you get better.”
3.2.5. Follow-Up
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mean (SD) | |
Age, years | 64 (10) |
Time since last stroke or TIA, years | 2.0 (1.5) |
Number (%) | |
Female | 11 (65) |
Race/Ethnicity | |
Black/African American | 11 (65) |
Hispanic/Latino | 2 (12) |
White or Other | 4 (23) |
Income (≤15,000) | 7 (41) |
Modified Rankin Score | |
0–2 | 10 (59) |
3–4 | 7 (41) |
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Balakrishnan, R.; Kaplan, B.; Negron, R.; Fei, K.; Goldfinger, J.Z.; Horowitz, C.R. Life after Stroke in an Urban Minority Population: A Photovoice Project. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030293
Balakrishnan R, Kaplan B, Negron R, Fei K, Goldfinger JZ, Horowitz CR. Life after Stroke in an Urban Minority Population: A Photovoice Project. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(3):293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030293
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalakrishnan, Revathi, Benjamin Kaplan, Rennie Negron, Kezhen Fei, Judith Z. Goldfinger, and Carol R. Horowitz. 2017. "Life after Stroke in an Urban Minority Population: A Photovoice Project" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 3: 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030293