OMI and Ground-Based In-Situ Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Observations over Several Important European Cities during 2005–2014
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Data and Methodology
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- World Health Organization. Global Health Risks: Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risks; WHO Press: Geneva, Switzerland, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Martin, B.; Martin, L. Association between unemployment, income, education level, population size and air pollution in Czech cities: Evidence for environmental inequality? A pilot national scale analysis. Health Place 2012, 18, 1110–1114. [Google Scholar]
- Susannah, G.; John, S.; Andrew, K.; Melanie, H.; John, N.; John, A.; Sally, C. Recent trends and projections of primary NO2 emissions in Europe. Atmos. Environ. 2009, 43, 2154–2167. [Google Scholar]
- European Environment Agency. Air Quality in Europe—2015 Report; EEA Report No. 5/2015; European Environment Agency: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- European Environment Agency. Air Quality in Europe—2016 Report; EEA Report No. 28/2016; European Environment Agency: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- World Health Organization. WHO Air Quality Guidelines for Particulate Matter, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide; Global Update 2005; Summary of Risk Assessment; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Song, X.; Liu, Y.; Hu, Y.; Zhao, X.; Tian, J.; Ding, G.; Wang, S. Short-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Cardiac Arrhythmia: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Latza, U.; Gerdes, S.; Baur, X. Effects of nitrogen dioxide on human health: Systematic review of experimental and epidemiological studies conducted between 2002 and 2006. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2009, 212, 271–287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Berezin, E.V.; Konovalov, I.B.; Romanova, Y.Y. Inverse Modeling of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from the 2010 Russian Wildfires by Using Satellite Measurements of Nitrogen Dioxide. Atmosphere 2016, 7, 132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, Y.; Dominik, B.; Christoph, H.; Stephan, H.; Johannes, S. Changes in OMI tropospheric NO2 columns over Europe from 2004 to 2009, and the influence of meteorological variability. Atmos. Environ. 2012, 46, 482–495. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Qi, Y. Spatio-temporal distributions of tropospheric NO2 over oases in Taklimakan Desert, China. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 2015, 25, 561–568. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, L.; Lee, C.S.; Zhang, R.; Chen, L. Spatial and temporal evaluation of long term trend (2005–2014) of OMI retrieved NO2 and SO2 concentrations in Henan Province, China. Atmos. Environ. 2017, 154, 151–166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Levelt, P.; van den Oord, G.; Dobber, M.; Malkki, A.; Visser, H.; de Vries, J.; Stammes, P.; Lundell, J.; Saari, H. The ozone monitoring instrument. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote 2006, 44, 1093–1101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Munro, R.; Eisinger, M.; Anderson, C.; Callies, J.; Corpaccioli, E.; Lang, R.; Lefebvre, A.; Livschitz, Y.; Albinana, A.P. GOME-2 on MetOp. In Proceedings of the 2006 EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conference, Helsinki, Finland, 12–16 June 2006; p. 48. [Google Scholar]
- Schaap, M.; Kranenburg, R.; Curier, L.; Jozwicka, M.; Dammers, E.; Timmermans, R. Assessing the Sensitivity of the OMI-NO2 Product to Emission Changes across Europe. Remote Sens. 2013, 5, 4187–4208. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Szymankiewicz, K.; Kaminski, J.W.; Struzewska, J. Interannual variability of tropospheric NO2 column over Central Europe—Observations from SCIAMACHY and GEM-AQ model simulations. Acta Geophys. 2014, 62, 915–929. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Miranda, A.; Silveira, C.; Ferreira, J.; Monteiro, A.; Lopes, D.; Relvas, H.; Borrego, C.; Roebeling, P. Current air quality plans in Europe designed to support air quality management policies. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 2015, 6, 434–443. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Constantin, D.E.; Voiculescu, M.; Georgescu, L. Satellite Observations of NO2 Trend over Romania. Sci. World J. 2013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zyrichidou, I.; Koukouli, M.E.; Balis, D.S.; Katragkou, E.; Melas, D.; Poupkou, A.; Kioutsioukis, I.; van der A., R.; Boersma, F.K.; van Roozendael, M.; et al. Satellite observations and model simulations of tropospheric NO2 columns over South-Eastern Europe. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9, 6119–6134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schneider, P.; Lahoz, W.A.; van der A, R. Recent satellite-based trends of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over large urban agglomerations worldwide. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2015, 15, 1205–1220. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Castellanos, P.; Boersma, K.F. Reductions in nitrogen oxides over Europe driven by environmental policy and economic recession. Sci. Rep. 2012, 2. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Guerreiro, C.B.; Foltescu, V.; de Leeuw, F. Air quality status and trends in Europe. Atmos. Environ. 2014, 98, 376–384. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boersma, K.F.; Eskes, H.J.; Dirksen, R.J.; van der A, R.J.J.; Veefkind, P.; Stammes, P.; Huijnen, V.; Kleipool, Q.L.; Sneep, M.; Claas, J.; et al. An improved retrieval of tropospheric NO2 columns from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 2011, 4, 1905–1928. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Varotsos, C.; Christodoulakis, J.; Tzanis, C.; Cracknell, A.P. Signature of tropospheric ozone and nitrogen dioxide from space: A case study for Athens, Greece. Atmos. Environ. 2014, 89, 721–730. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tzanis, C.; Varotsos, C.; Ferm, M.; Christodoulakis, J.; Assimakopoulos, M.N.; Efthymiou, C. Nitric acid and particulate matter measurements at Athens, Greece, in connection with corrosion studies. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9, 8309–8316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sidiropoulou, T.; Ioannis, P. Austerity and Fuel Consumption in Greece: An Empirical Investigation. Int. J. Econ. Bus. Adm. 2015, III, 58–65. [Google Scholar]
- Constantin, D.-E.; Voiculescu, M.; Georgescu, L.; Trif, C.; Karakolios, E.; Mamoukaris, A.; Xipolitos, K. Imprint of Road Vehicle Dynamics on Atmospheric Pollution. Case Study: Bucharest City 2007–2010. J. Environ. Prot. Ecol. 2012, 13, 837–843. [Google Scholar]
City | Country | Location | Area |
---|---|---|---|
Athens | Greece | 37.98° N, 23.72° E | 412 km2 |
Berlin | Germany | 52.51° N, 13.41° E | 892 km2 |
Bucharest | Romania | 44.43° N, 26.10° E | 228 km2 |
Lisbon | Portugal | 38.71° N, 9.13° W | 958 km2 |
Madrid | Spain | 40.38° N, 3.71° W | 604 km2 |
Paris | France | 48.85° N, 2.35° E | 2845 km2 |
Rome | Italy | 41.9° N, 12.50° E | 1285 km2 |
Rotterdam | The Netherlands | 51.91° N, 4.46° E | 326 km2 |
Location | Athens | Bucharest | Berlin | Lisbon | Madrid | Paris | Rome | Rotterdam |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of available traffic stations | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 2 |
Number of available urban stations | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 0 |
City | Correlation Coefficient (R) for Each Type of Station | ||
---|---|---|---|
T * | U * | A * | |
Athens | 0.53 | - | - |
Berlin | 0.86 | 0.84 | 0.87 |
Bucharest | 0.51 | - | - |
Lisbon | 0.58 | 0.68 | 0.62 |
Madrid | 0.81 | 0.75 | 0.86 |
Paris | 0.69 | 0.74 | 0.79 |
Rome | 0.65 | 0.86 | 0.81 |
Rotterdam | 0.53 | - | - |
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Paraschiv, S.; Constantin, D.-E.; Paraschiv, S.-L.; Voiculescu, M. OMI and Ground-Based In-Situ Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Observations over Several Important European Cities during 2005–2014. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111415
Paraschiv S, Constantin D-E, Paraschiv S-L, Voiculescu M. OMI and Ground-Based In-Situ Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Observations over Several Important European Cities during 2005–2014. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(11):1415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111415
Chicago/Turabian StyleParaschiv, Spiru, Daniel-Eduard Constantin, Simona-Lizica Paraschiv, and Mirela Voiculescu. 2017. "OMI and Ground-Based In-Situ Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Observations over Several Important European Cities during 2005–2014" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 11: 1415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111415
APA StyleParaschiv, S., Constantin, D.-E., Paraschiv, S.-L., & Voiculescu, M. (2017). OMI and Ground-Based In-Situ Tropospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Observations over Several Important European Cities during 2005–2014. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(11), 1415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111415