Time Perspective and Emotion Regulation as Predictors of Age-Related Subjective Passage of Time

Wittmann, Marc; Rudolph, Tina; Linares Gutierrez, Damisela; Winkler, Isabell

doi:10.3390/ijerph121215034

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Time Perspective and Emotion Regulation as Predictors of Age-Related Subjective Passage of Time

Marc Wittmann

^1,*

Tina Rudolph

²,

Damisela Linares Gutierrez

¹ and

Isabell Winkler

Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, Wilhelmstr. 3a, Freiburg 79098, Germany

Department of Psychology, Forschungsmethodik und Evaluation, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz 09107, Germany

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editors: Lori E. James and Meredith Shafto

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12(12), 16027-16042; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215034

Received: 29 July 2015 / Revised: 10 December 2015 / Accepted: 14 December 2015 / Published: 17 December 2015

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging and Cognition)

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Abstract

Hardly any empirical work exists concerning the relationship between the intra-individually stable time perspective relating to the past, present, and future and the subjective speed of time passing in everyday life. Moreover, studies consistently show that the subjective passage of time over the period of the last ten years speeds up as we get older. Modulating variables influencing this phenomenon are still unknown. To investigate these two unresolved issues, we conducted an online survey with n = 423 participants ranging in age between 17 and 81 assessing trait time perspective of the past, present, and future, and relating these subscales with a battery of measures pertaining to the subjective passage of time. Moreover, the subjective passage of time as an age-dependent variable was probed in relationship to emotion awareness, appraisal and regulation. Results show how present hedonism is linked with having fewer routines in life and a faster passage of the last week; the past negative perspective is related to time pressure, time expansion and more routine; a pronounced future perspective is related to a general faster passage of time. Importantly, increased emotion regulation and a balanced time perspective are related to a slower passage of the last ten years. These novel findings are discussed within models of time perception and the time perspective. View Full-Text

Keywords: time perspective; ZTPI; FMI; time awareness; passage of time; aging; emotion regulation; mindfulness; balanced time perspective

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wittmann, M.; Rudolph, T.; Linares Gutierrez, D.; Winkler, I. Time Perspective and Emotion Regulation as Predictors of Age-Related Subjective Passage of Time. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 16027-16042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215034

AMA Style

Wittmann M, Rudolph T, Linares Gutierrez D, Winkler I. Time Perspective and Emotion Regulation as Predictors of Age-Related Subjective Passage of Time. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(12):16027-16042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215034

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wittmann, Marc, Tina Rudolph, Damisela Linares Gutierrez, and Isabell Winkler. 2015. "Time Perspective and Emotion Regulation as Predictors of Age-Related Subjective Passage of Time" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 12: 16027-16042. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215034

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Time Perspective and Emotion Regulation as Predictors of Age-Related Subjective Passage of Time

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