Detection of Engineered Copper Nanoparticles in Soil Using Single Particle ICP-MS
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
2.3. Natural Samples
2.3.1. Saturated Groundwater Aquifer Colloid Extract
2.3.2. Topsoil Colloid Extracts: Sampling Area
2.3.3. Topsoil Colloid Extracts: Colloid Extraction Procedure
2.3.4. Total Copper Measurement
2.3.5. Spiking Experiments
2.4. Single Particle ICP-MS
2.4.1. Instrument Settings
2.4.2. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characteristics of CuO NPs
3.2. Characteristics of Soil Colloidal Extracts
3.2.1. Elemental Composition
Sample Code | Si | Al | Fe | Mg | Mn | Ni | Zn | Cu | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mg·L−1 | mg·L−1 | mg·L−1 | mg·L−1 | mg·L−1 | µg·L−1 | µg·L−1 | µg·L−1 | ||
SG | 27.1 | 10 | 19.2 | 0.9 | 5.2 | 22.2 | 82.4 | 30 | 7.0 |
LT1 | 334 | 644 | 130 | 29.8 | 1.1 | 139.9 | 613.7 | 102 | 6.8 |
PS2 | 808 | 427 | 161 | 42.5 | 2.8 | 205.2 | 672.0 | 179 | 7.2 |
PS3 | 668 | 371 | 190 | 39.1 | 1.6 | 224.2 | 743.2 | 217 | 6.6 |
3.2.2. Single Particle ICP-MS: Optimizing Sample Dilution
Sample | 5 ms | 0.1 ms | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NP Spikes | [NP] | µdiss | 7σdiss | NP Spikes | [NP] | µdiss | 7σdiss | |
min−1 | mL−1 | (counts) | (counts) | min−1 | mL−1 | (counts) | (counts) | |
Blank (Milli-Q) | 0.9 (±1.0) | 53 (±59) | 2.3 (±0.5) | 9 (±1.8) | 21 (±21) | 1.2 (±1.2) × 103 | 1.1 (±0.01) | 2 (±0.1) |
CuO NPs | 286 | 1.6 × 104 | 10 | 63 | 816 | 4.7 × 104 | 1 | 5 |
SG (unspiked) | 1 | 5.7 × 101 | 577 | 220 | 4 | 2.3 × 102 | 12 | 26 |
LT1 (unspiked) | 8 | 4.6 × 102 | 221 | 135 | 60 | 3.4 × 103 | 4 | 15 |
PS2 (unspiked) | 3 | 1.7 × 102 | 431 | 205 | 30 | 1.7 × 103 | 8 | 22 |
PS3 (unspiked) | 2 | 1.1 × 102 | 460 | 202 | 20 | 1.1 × 103 | 9 | 23 |
SG + CuO NPs | 20 | 1.1 × 103 | 582 | 245 | 30 | 1.7 × 103 | 12 | 26 |
LT1 + CuO NPs | 63 | 3.6 × 103 | 224 | 169 | 192 | 1.1 × 104 | 5 | 16 |
PS2 + CuO NPs | 32 | 1.8 × 103 | 528 | 261 | 156 | 8.9 × 103 | 8 | 22 |
PS3 + CuO NPs | 42 | 2.4 × 103 | 442 | 229 | 106 | 6.1 × 103 | 9 | 23 |
3.3. Detection of CuO NPs in Spiked Colloidal Extracts
Sample | 5 ms | 0.1 ms | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
NPs above CT | [NP] above CT | NPs above CT | [NP] above CT | |
mL−1 | mL−1 | |||
CuO NPs | Yes | 1.6 × 104 | Yes | 4.2 × 104 |
SG (unspiked) | No | BDL | No | BCT |
LT1 (unspiked) | Yes | 2.3 × 102 | No | BCT |
PS2 (unspiked) | No | BCT | No | BCT |
PS3 (unspiked) | No | BCT | No | BCT |
SG + CuO NPs | Yes | 9.1 × 102 | No | BCT |
LT1 + CuO NPs | Yes | 3.4 × 103 | Yes | 6.2 × 103 |
PS2 + CuO NPs | Yes | 1.6 × 103 | Yes | 4.1 × 103 |
PS3 + CuO NPs | Yes | 2.2 × 103 | Yes | 1.3 × 103 |
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Files
Supplementary File 1Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Navratilova, J.; Praetorius, A.; Gondikas, A.; Fabienke, W.; Von der Kammer, F.; Hofmann, T. Detection of Engineered Copper Nanoparticles in Soil Using Single Particle ICP-MS. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 15756-15768. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215020
Navratilova J, Praetorius A, Gondikas A, Fabienke W, Von der Kammer F, Hofmann T. Detection of Engineered Copper Nanoparticles in Soil Using Single Particle ICP-MS. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(12):15756-15768. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215020
Chicago/Turabian StyleNavratilova, Jana, Antonia Praetorius, Andreas Gondikas, Willi Fabienke, Frank Von der Kammer, and Thilo Hofmann. 2015. "Detection of Engineered Copper Nanoparticles in Soil Using Single Particle ICP-MS" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 12: 15756-15768. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215020