Socio Economic Status and Traumatic Brain Injury amongst Pediatric Populations: A Spatial Analysis in Greater Vancouver
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Geographic Variables
2.3. Hotspot Identification
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Analysis
Age Group | Girls | Boys | All | % Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|
0–4 | 65 | 97 | 162 | 19.80 |
5–9 | 27 | 65 | 92 | 41.30 |
10–14 | 31 | 119 | 150 | 58.70 |
15–18 | 59 | 190 | 249 | 52.60 |
0–18 | 182 | 471 | 653 | 44.30 |
Age Group (Years) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median ISS (IQR) | 0–4 | 5–9 | 10–14 | 15–18 | All |
n = 162 | n = 92 | n = 151 | n = 248 | N = 653 | |
Female | 17 (9.5) | 20 (13) | 26 (17) | 26 (15) | 25 (13) |
Male | 17 (9) | 25 (16.5) | 25 (13) | 26 (16 | 25 (12) |
Injury Mechanism, n (%) | |||||
Assault | 15 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (3%) | 48 (19%) | 67 (10%) |
Fall | 101 (62%) | 28 (30%) | 23 (15%) | 18 (7%) | 170 (26%) |
MVC | 27 (17%) | 57 (62%) | 107 (71%) | 160 (65%) | 351 (54%) |
Other | 19 (12%) | 7 (8%) | 17 (11%) | 22 (9%) | 65 (10%) |
Motivation, n (%) | |||||
Intentional | 12 (7%) | 1 (1%) | 9 (6%) | 57 (23%) | 79 (12%) |
Unintentional | 141 (87%) | 91 (99%) | 139 (92%) | 187 (75%) | 558 (85%) |
Unknown | 9 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (2%) | 4 (2%) | 16 (3%) |
3.2. Hotspot Analysis
3.3. Statistical Analysis
3.3.1. Individual Census Variables
Name | Description | OR | Group | Pass Criteria for Final Model |
---|---|---|---|---|
(95%CI) | ||||
p-Value | ||||
PercAboriginal | Percentage of Aboriginal | 1.002 | Cultural | Yes |
1.003–1.02 | ||||
0.02 | ||||
PercLonFamily | Percentage of Lone Families | 1.002 | Demographic | No |
0.994–1.011 | ||||
0.6 | ||||
PercNoHSchl | Percentage of age 15 and older with no high school certificate | 1.013 | Education | Yes |
1.005–1.021 | ||||
0.001 | ||||
AllRdBfr | Sum of length of roads within 1000 m | 0.999 | Environmental | Yes |
0.998–1.000 | ||||
0.003 | ||||
PercNoDetHous | Percentage of no Detached Housing | 0.999 | Housing | No |
0.996–1.001 | ||||
0.35 | ||||
AvgInc | Average income | 1 | Income | Yes |
1.001–1.002 | ||||
0.176 | ||||
MedInc | Median Income | 1 | Income | No |
1.001–1.002 | ||||
0.41 | ||||
UnEmpRate | Unemployment rate | 0.796 | Occupation | No |
0.93–1.02 | ||||
0.88 | ||||
Within30min | Within 30 min of BC Children Hospital | 0.796 | Rural/Suburban | Yes |
0.674–0.941 | ||||
0.01 | ||||
VANDIX | Composite SES Index | 1.089 | Composite SES Index | Yes |
1.031–1.151 | ||||
0.002 |
Predictor Variable | Models | |
---|---|---|
Census Variables | VANDIX | |
OR (95%CI) p-Value | OR (95%CI) p-Value | |
(n = x) | (n = x) | |
No high school | 1.13 | - |
(1.03–1.23) | ||
0.009 | ||
Outside of 30 min (drive time) | 1.22 | 1.25 |
(1.01–1.48) | (1.04–1.51) | |
0.039 | 0.020) | |
VANDIX | - | 1.08 |
(1.02–1.15) | ||
0.01 |
3.3.2. Composite SES Model
3.3.3. Injury Mechanism and SES
4. Discussion
5. Study Limitations
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Amram, O.; Schuurman, N.; Pike, I.; Yanchar, N.L.; Friger, M.; McBeth, P.B.; Griesdale, D. Socio Economic Status and Traumatic Brain Injury amongst Pediatric Populations: A Spatial Analysis in Greater Vancouver. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 15594-15604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215009
Amram O, Schuurman N, Pike I, Yanchar NL, Friger M, McBeth PB, Griesdale D. Socio Economic Status and Traumatic Brain Injury amongst Pediatric Populations: A Spatial Analysis in Greater Vancouver. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(12):15594-15604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215009
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmram, Ofer, Nadine Schuurman, Ian Pike, Natalie L Yanchar, Michael Friger, Paul B. McBeth, and Donald Griesdale. 2015. "Socio Economic Status and Traumatic Brain Injury amongst Pediatric Populations: A Spatial Analysis in Greater Vancouver" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 12: 15594-15604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121215009