Comparing the Visual Analogue Scale and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Oral Clefts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Comparison of HRQL Instruments
On the scale below, we ask you to rate your child’s health-related quality of life on a scale of 0 to 100. A score of “0” represents the worst health state that you can imagine. A score of “100” represents perfect health. A child with perfect health would be one who has no pain or discomfort, no anxiety or depression, and no problems with usual activities that would be expected for his or her age, such as feeding him or herself, speaking, playing with other children, washing his or her hands, participating in school activities.
3. Results
Health Measure | Variable Name (for Reference) | N | Mean | Standard Deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
visual analog scale | VAS | 301 | 86.6 | 15.9 | 20 | 100 |
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 | PedsQL | 301 | 83.8 | 16.4 | 25 | 100 |
In general, how would you rate your child’s overall health now? (1 = excellent, 5 = poor) | child's overall health | 300 | 1.55 | 0.80 | 1 | 5 |
If child has any chronic health condition under one or more of 25 categories (e.g., asthma, attention, vision, hearing, heart, muscle, or other problems) then the value is = 1 otherwise, it is = 0 | chronic condition | 307 | 0.82 | 0.38 | 0 | 1 |
How often does your child appear to get frustrated when he or she speaks because of trouble being understood? (1 = never, 4 = always) | child frustrated because of trouble being understood | 301 | 1.58 | 0.70 | 1 | 4 |
How often does your child appear to avoid talking because of trouble being understood? (1 = never, 4 = always) | child avoids speaking | 302 | 1.21 | 0.51 | 1 | 4 |
How often does your child appear to have difficulty being understood by the people who are with him or her every day? (1 = never, 4 = always) | difficulty being understood by those who do see child often | 303 | 1.48 | 0.64 | 1 | 4 |
How often does your child appear to have difficulty being understood by people who don’t interact with or see him or her very much? (1 = never, 4 = always) | difficulty being understood by those who do not see child much | 302 | 1.82 | 0.86 | 1 | 4 |
Overall, how happy would you say your child is with his or her facial appearance? (1 = very happy, 4 = not happy at all) | happy with facial appearance | 298 | 1.34 | 0.62 | 1 | 4 |
Social anxiety (Question 15)—binary variable | social anxiety | 307 | 0.16 | 0.36 | 0 | 1 |
Separation anxiety (Question 15)—binary variable | separation anxiety | 307 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0 | 1 |
PBS aggression/opposition | PBS aggression/opposition | 296 | 4.66 | 4.39 | 0 | 27 |
PBS hyperactivity/inattention | PBS hyperactivity/inattention | 297 | 7.27 | 6.95 | 0 | 27 |
PBS depression/anxiety | PBS depression/anxiety | 297 | 2.08 | 3.09 | 0 | 16 |
PBS physical health | PBS physical health | 299 | 1.12 | 1.92 | 0 | 13 |
Variable Name | Correlation with VAS | Correlation with PedsQL |
---|---|---|
Child’s overall health | −0.537 | −0.538 |
chronic condition | −0.230 a | −0.304 |
child frustrated because of trouble being understood | −0.355 | −0.348 |
child avoids speaking | −0.388 | −0.325 |
difficulty being understood by those who do see child often | −0.385 | −0.324 |
difficulty being understood by those who do not see child much | −0.346 | −0.342 |
happy with facial appearance | −0.256 | −0.200 b |
social anxiety | −0.284 | −0.225 a |
separation anxiety | −0.319 | −0.366 |
PBS aggression/opposition | −0.366 | −0.423 |
PBS hyperactivity/inattention | −0.379 | −0.469 |
PBS depression/anxiety | −0.501 | −0.482 |
PBS physical health | −0.420 | −0.407 |
Regressions | β (SE) | |
---|---|---|
VAS | PedsQLTM | |
Mean Regression (OLS) | ||
CLO vs. CLP | 3.08 (2.28) | 6.14 (2.33) *** |
CPO vs. CLP | −0.16 (2.16) | 1.88 (2.21) |
Median Regression | ||
CLO vs. CPO & CLP | 5.00 (1.96) ** | 7.09 (2.54) *** |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wehby, G.L.; Naderi, H.; Robbins, J.M.; Ansley, T.N.; Damiano, P.C. Comparing the Visual Analogue Scale and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Oral Clefts. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 4280-4291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110404280
Wehby GL, Naderi H, Robbins JM, Ansley TN, Damiano PC. Comparing the Visual Analogue Scale and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Oral Clefts. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(4):4280-4291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110404280
Chicago/Turabian StyleWehby, George L., Hodad Naderi, James M. Robbins, Timothy N. Ansley, and Peter C. Damiano. 2014. "Comparing the Visual Analogue Scale and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Oral Clefts" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 4: 4280-4291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110404280