Design and Preclinical Evaluation of Chitosan/Kaolin Nanocomposites with Enhanced Hemostatic Efficiency
1
Science Academy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo 11829, Egypt
2
Science Park, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12566, Egypt
3
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Hitoshi Sashiwa
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(2), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19020050
Received: 21 December 2020 / Revised: 19 January 2021 / Accepted: 20 January 2021 / Published: 22 January 2021
In the current study, hemostatic compositions including a combination of chitosan and kaolin have been developed. Chitosan is a marine polysaccharide derived from chitins, a structural component in the shells of crustaceans. Both chitosan and kaolin have the ability to mediate a quick and efficient hemostatic effect following immediate application to injury sites, and thus they have been widely exploited in manufacturing of hemostatic composites. By combining more than one hemostatic agent (i.e., chitosan and kaolin) that act via more than one mechanism, and by utilizing different nanotechnology-based approaches to enhance the surface areas, the capability of the dressing to control bleeding was improved, in terms of amount of blood loss and time to hemostasis. The nanotechnology-based approaches utilized to enhance the effective surface area of the hemostatic agents included the use of Pluronic nanoparticles, and deposition of chitosan micro- and nano-fibers onto the carrier. The developed composites effectively controlled bleeding and significantly improved hemostasis and survival rates in two animal models, rats and rabbits, compared to conventional dressings and QuikClot® Combat Gauze. The composites were well-tolerated as demonstrated by their in vivo biocompatibility and absence of clinical and biochemical changes in the laboratory animals after application of the dressings.
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Keywords:
chitosan; kaolin; hemostatic; dressings; in vivo; nanocomposites; QuikClot Combat Gauze
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MDPI and ACS Style
Elsabahy, M.; Hamad, M.A. Design and Preclinical Evaluation of Chitosan/Kaolin Nanocomposites with Enhanced Hemostatic Efficiency. Mar. Drugs 2021, 19, 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19020050
AMA Style
Elsabahy M, Hamad MA. Design and Preclinical Evaluation of Chitosan/Kaolin Nanocomposites with Enhanced Hemostatic Efficiency. Marine Drugs. 2021; 19(2):50. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19020050
Chicago/Turabian StyleElsabahy, Mahmoud; Hamad, Mostafa A. 2021. "Design and Preclinical Evaluation of Chitosan/Kaolin Nanocomposites with Enhanced Hemostatic Efficiency" Mar. Drugs 19, no. 2: 50. https://doi.org/10.3390/md19020050
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