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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Psychosocial Work Stress, Resilience and the Risk of Tinnitus—Results from a Population-Based Cohort Study

by
Berit Hackenberg
1,*,
Julia Döge
1,
Karoline O’Brien
1,
Matthias Nübling
2,
Pavel Dietz
3,
Manfred E. Beutel
4,
Anna Celine Reinwarth
4,
Karl J. Lackner
5,
Oliver Tüscher
6,
Jörn M. Schattenberg
7,
Lukas Hobohm
8,
Thomas Münzel
8,
Philipp S. Wild
9,10,11,12,
Alexander K. Schuster
13,
Irene Schmidtmann
14,
Julian Chalabi
8,
Christoph Matthias
1 and
Katharina Bahr-Hamm
1
1
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
2
FFAW Freiburg Research Centre for Occupational Sciences, Bertoldstr. 63, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
3
Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
4
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
5
Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
6
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
7
Metabolic Liver Research Center and Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
8
Department of Cardiology—Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
9
Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
10
German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Mine, 10785 Mainz, Germany
11
Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
12
Systems Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
13
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
14
Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics, 55131 Mainz, Germany
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2025, 61(12), 2079; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61122079
Submission received: 13 October 2025 / Revised: 9 November 2025 / Accepted: 20 November 2025 / Published: 21 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology & Public Health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Tinnitus is a common symptom in otolaryngologic practice. Although its pathophysiology is multifactorial and remains mostly unclear, it can be correlated to stress and psychological comorbidities. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the occurrence of tinnitus and psychosocial work stress (measured using the German COPSOQ-III, a validated instrument) in a large working population. Materials and Methods: The Gutenberg Health Study is a single-center, prospective, observational cohort study. Participants of working age were included and surveyed using the German COPSOQ-III; they were interviewed regarding the occurrence of tinnitus (yes/no) and stratified according to their resilience (measured using the Brief Resilient Coping Scale). Results: A total of 4933 participants of working age were included in the study cohort, in which tinnitus was reported with a prevalence of 26.3%. Participants with tinnitus answered more negatively in all COPSOQ scales, although not all differences were statistically significant. The scales Emotional Demands, Work Privacy Conflicts, Work Environment/Physical Demands and Insecurity over Working Conditions showed especially high differences in means. In addition, all effect scales showed significant differences between participants with and without tinnitus. The prevalence of tinnitus decreased with increasing resilience. Conclusions: Tinnitus is a symptom highly correlated with psychosocial work stress. As such, it represents a significant health burden within the working community.
Keywords: tinnitus; stress; work-related; occupational stress; cohort studies tinnitus; stress; work-related; occupational stress; cohort studies

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Hackenberg, B.; Döge, J.; O’Brien, K.; Nübling, M.; Dietz, P.; Beutel, M.E.; Reinwarth, A.C.; Lackner, K.J.; Tüscher, O.; Schattenberg, J.M.; et al. Psychosocial Work Stress, Resilience and the Risk of Tinnitus—Results from a Population-Based Cohort Study. Medicina 2025, 61, 2079. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61122079

AMA Style

Hackenberg B, Döge J, O’Brien K, Nübling M, Dietz P, Beutel ME, Reinwarth AC, Lackner KJ, Tüscher O, Schattenberg JM, et al. Psychosocial Work Stress, Resilience and the Risk of Tinnitus—Results from a Population-Based Cohort Study. Medicina. 2025; 61(12):2079. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61122079

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hackenberg, Berit, Julia Döge, Karoline O’Brien, Matthias Nübling, Pavel Dietz, Manfred E. Beutel, Anna Celine Reinwarth, Karl J. Lackner, Oliver Tüscher, Jörn M. Schattenberg, and et al. 2025. "Psychosocial Work Stress, Resilience and the Risk of Tinnitus—Results from a Population-Based Cohort Study" Medicina 61, no. 12: 2079. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61122079

APA Style

Hackenberg, B., Döge, J., O’Brien, K., Nübling, M., Dietz, P., Beutel, M. E., Reinwarth, A. C., Lackner, K. J., Tüscher, O., Schattenberg, J. M., Hobohm, L., Münzel, T., Wild, P. S., Schuster, A. K., Schmidtmann, I., Chalabi, J., Matthias, C., & Bahr-Hamm, K. (2025). Psychosocial Work Stress, Resilience and the Risk of Tinnitus—Results from a Population-Based Cohort Study. Medicina, 61(12), 2079. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61122079

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