Matrix Metalloproteinases and Heart Transplantation—A Pathophysiological and Clinical View
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Aim
3. MMPs: A General Introduction
4. MMP Classification
5. MMP Role and Localization
6. MMPs and Cardiovascular Disease
6.1. Atherosclerosis
6.2. Ischemia and Reperfusion Injuries
6.3. Hypertension
6.4. Myocardial Infarction
6.5. Aortic Aneurysm
6.6. Cardiac Rejection Pathology
7. Discussion
8. Future Directions
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Enzyme Name | MMP Classification (Number) | Common Description/Substrate | Cell | Cell Localization | Functional Role | Inhibition | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Collagenase | MMP1, MMP8, MMP13, MMP18 | Collagen II, III, VIII, X, gelatins, aggrecan, entactin | Myocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, megakaryocytes, cardiomyocytes, neutrophils | Cytosol (MMP18) Nucleus (MMP1) | Myocardial fibrosis Inflammation | TIMP-1 | [1] [11] [6] [18] |
Gelatinase | MMP2 | Gelatins Collagen I, IV, V, VII Basal membrane component | Cardiomyocytes Smooth muscle Platelet Megakaryocytes Fibroblasts | Sarcoplasmic reticulum Nucleus cytosol Mitochondria Sarcomere | Cardiomyocytes death Heart failure Increase angiogenesis, inhibition of myocardial fibrosis | TIMP 1-4 | [18] [11] |
MMP9 | Gelatins Collagen IV, V, XIV Basal membrane component | Leucocytes Megakaryocytes Cardiomyocytes | Cytosol Nucleus Sarcomere Mitochondria | Induce cardiac disfunction Increase migration rate of cardiac fibroblasts | TIMP1-3 | [11] [20] | |
Stromelysines | MMP3, MMP10, MMP11 | Collagen III, IV, V, IX Fibronectin Laminin | Megakaryocytes Cardiomyocytes | Cytosol nucleus | Cardiomyocyte death Increase heart failure Increase migration rate of cardiac fibroblasts | TIMP1-3 | [6] [19] |
Matrilysines | MMP7 MMP26 | Fibronectin Collagen IV gelatins | Cardiomyocytes Neuronal cells | Cytosol | Increase migration rate of cardiac fibroblasts Inflammation | TIMP4 TIMP1 | [11] [18] |
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Patrichi, G.; Patrichi, A.; Satala, C.-B.; Sin, A.I. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Heart Transplantation—A Pathophysiological and Clinical View. Medicina 2023, 59, 1295. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59071295
Patrichi G, Patrichi A, Satala C-B, Sin AI. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Heart Transplantation—A Pathophysiological and Clinical View. Medicina. 2023; 59(7):1295. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59071295
Chicago/Turabian StylePatrichi, Gabriela, Andrei Patrichi, Catalin-Bogdan Satala, and Anca Ileana Sin. 2023. "Matrix Metalloproteinases and Heart Transplantation—A Pathophysiological and Clinical View" Medicina 59, no. 7: 1295. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59071295