Clomiphene Citrate in the Management of Infertility in Oligospermic Obese Men with Hypogonadism: Retrospective Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Ethics Statement
2.2. Semen Analysis
2.3. Study Groups
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of CC on Semen Parameters and Testosterone Levels in Oligozoospermic Obese Men
3.2. Effect of CC on Semen Parameters and Testosterone Levels in Oligozoospermic Hypogonadal Obese Men
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patient Characteristics | |
---|---|
Age (years) | |
Obese group (n = 31) | 36.9 ± 1.5 |
Non-obese group (n = 22) | 34.0 ± 1.2 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | |
Obese group (n = 31) | 37.3 ± 1.2 |
Non-obese group (n = 22) | 26.3 ± 0.6 |
Total Testosterone (ng/dL) | |
Obese group (n = 26) | 304.9 ± 31.6 |
Non-obese group (n = 22) | 369.6 ± 42.9 |
Race | |
White | 30 (56.6%) |
African American | 19 (35.8%) |
Hispanic | 4 (7.5%) |
Semen parameters | |
Semen volume (mL) | 2.9 ± 0.2 |
pH | 7.6 ± 0.1 |
Sperm concentration (×106/mL) | 3.7 ± 0.8 |
Total sperm count (×106) | 11.9 ± 4.2 |
Total motility (%) | 30.3 ± 2.8 |
Sperm morphology (normal heads) (%) | 14.8 ± 1.4 |
White blood cells (WBC) (×106/mL) | 0.9 ± 0.2 |
Parameters | Pre-Treatment | Post-Treatment | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
Sperm Concentration (×106/mL) | 4.5 ± 6.8 | 11.4 ± 15.5 | <0.05 |
Total Sperm Count (×106) | 13.8 ± 38.5 | 31.5 ± 43.9 | <0.05 |
Motility (%) | 31.5 ± 21.5 | 42.6 ± 14.7 | <0.05 |
Normal Head Forms (%) | 16.1 ± 10.9 | 20.3 ± 9.0 | 0.07 |
Testosterone (ng/dL) | 349.8 ± 174.5 | 404.9 ± 157.9 | 0.09 |
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Panner Selvam, M.K.; Baskaran, S.; Tannenbaum, J.; Greenberg, J.; Shalaby, H.Y.; Hellstrom, W.J.G.; Sikka, S.C. Clomiphene Citrate in the Management of Infertility in Oligospermic Obese Men with Hypogonadism: Retrospective Pilot Study. Medicina 2023, 59, 1902. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59111902
Panner Selvam MK, Baskaran S, Tannenbaum J, Greenberg J, Shalaby HY, Hellstrom WJG, Sikka SC. Clomiphene Citrate in the Management of Infertility in Oligospermic Obese Men with Hypogonadism: Retrospective Pilot Study. Medicina. 2023; 59(11):1902. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59111902
Chicago/Turabian StylePanner Selvam, Manesh Kumar, Saradha Baskaran, Jacob Tannenbaum, Jacob Greenberg, Hosam Y. Shalaby, Wayne J. G. Hellstrom, and Suresh C. Sikka. 2023. "Clomiphene Citrate in the Management of Infertility in Oligospermic Obese Men with Hypogonadism: Retrospective Pilot Study" Medicina 59, no. 11: 1902. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59111902
APA StylePanner Selvam, M. K., Baskaran, S., Tannenbaum, J., Greenberg, J., Shalaby, H. Y., Hellstrom, W. J. G., & Sikka, S. C. (2023). Clomiphene Citrate in the Management of Infertility in Oligospermic Obese Men with Hypogonadism: Retrospective Pilot Study. Medicina, 59(11), 1902. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59111902