Anterior-Posterior and Inter-Limb Lower Body Strength Asymmetry in Soccer, Basketball, Futsal, and Volleyball Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sport | n | Age (Years) | Height (cm) | Weight (kg) | Body Fat (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MBP | 30 | 27.23 ± 4.19 | 192.80 ± 7.71 | 92.58 ± 9.79 | 12.84 ± 3.14 |
EMSP | 30 | 28.23 ± 4.95 | 177.53 ± 4.69 | 74.64 ± 5.29 | 11.19 ± 3.11 |
EFSP | 20 | 23.90 ± 3.78 | 165.00 ± 4.26 | 59.23 ± 6.57 | 20.06 ± 3.96 |
MFP | 30 | 27.97 ± 4.34 | 174.33 ± 5.45 | 78.19 ± 12.58 | 16.61 ± 5.17 |
EMGL | 22 | 25.77 ± 3.79 | 189.27 ± 3.70 | 86.77 ± 5.59 | 12.16 ± 2.69 |
FVP | 20 | 25.35 ± 4.44 | 176.04 ± 7.41 | 71.46 ± 8.35 | 23.49 ± 4.49 |
YMGL | 22 | 16.86 ± 1.08 | 182.41 ± 5.15 | 75.34 ± 8.63 | 13.61 ± 3.21 |
YFSP | 20 | 15.15 ± 0.99 | 160.75 ± 3.83 | 52.36 ± 4.70 | 23.07 ± 2.10 |
YMSP | 30 | 17.20 ± 0.55 | 176.07 ± 6.27 | 66.30 ± 6.54 | 8.42 ± 4.08 |
YMBP | 30 | 15.20 ± 1.38 | 179.92 ± 7.54 | 73.01 ± 8.46 | 17.99 ± 3.76 |
Sport | n | Right Quadriceps (Nm) | Left Quadriceps (Nm) | Right Hamstring (Nm) | Left Hamstring (Nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MBP | 30 | 267.77 ± 35.17 | 263.03 ± 36.64 | 195.73 ± 29.70 | 195.20 ± 26.44 |
EMSP | 30 | 216.10 ± 28.33 | 210.13 ± 33.26 | 164.73 ± 22.87 | 167.10 ± 27.60 |
EFSP | 20 | 138.75 ± 24.95 | 145.00 ± 28.46 | 106.75 ± 18.74 | 102.40 ± 19.07 |
MFP | 30 | 211.47 ± 38.46 | 213.07 ± 31.19 | 161.60 ± 24.73 | 157.97 ± 17.83 |
EMGL | 22 | 264.41 ± 28.60 | 261.45 ± 29.69 | 192.95 ± 23.10 | 193.18 ± 22.85 |
FVP | 20 | 168.45 ± 30.21 | 161.85 ± 28.58 | 109.00 ± 19.83 | 110.50 ± 18.75 |
YMGL | 22 | 228.59 ± 26.13 | 228.36 ± 34.59 | 162.82 ± 21.49 | 163.14 ± 17.24 |
YFSP | 20 | 127.95 ± 12.94 | 125.05 ± 15.17 | 84.35 ± 14.29 | 86.55 ± 12.19 |
FMSP | 30 | 210.77 ± 30.60 | 210.13 ± 30.54 | 146.67 ± 19.23 | 147.90 ± 20.62 |
YMBP | 30 | 199.80 ± 35.70 | 198.73 ± 32.54 | 143.87 ± 23.62 | 145.47 ± 26.67 |
Sport | Right Leg Ratio (H/Q) | 95% CI for Mean | Left Leg Ratio (H/Q) | 95% CI for Mean | Bilateral Asymmetries % (RQ:LQ) | 95% CI for Mean | Bilateral Asymmetries % (RH:LH) | 95% CI for Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MBP (n = 30) | 74.07 ± 13.41 | 69.06–79.07 | 75.53 ± 14.54 | 70.10–80.96 | 5.93 ± 3.78 # | 4.52–7.34 | 5.33 ± 3.67 ** | 3.97–6.70 |
EMSP (n = 30) | 76.80 ± 10.61 | 72.84–80.76 | 80.23 ± 11.34 ^ | 76.00–84.47 | 8.37 ± 5.86 | 6.18–10.55 | 9.33 ± 8.27 ^^^ | 6.24–12.42 |
EFSP (n = 20) | 79.05 ± 18.65 * | 70.32–87.78 | 73.20 ± 13.32 | 66.97–79.43 | 12.80 ± 12.04 #^^ | 7.17–18.43 | 8.65 ± 7.19 | 5.28–12.02 |
MFP (n = 30) | 78.27 ± 13.97 + | 73.05–83.48 | 75.07 ± 10.23 | 71.25–78.88 | 7.93 ± 6.84 | 5.38–10.49 | 9.53 ± 7.78 ++ | 6.63–12.44 |
EMGL (n = 22) | 73.45 ± 9.34 | 69.31–77.60 | 74.18 ± 8.19 | 70.55–77.81 | 4.36 ± 3.02 ^^ | 3.03–5.70 | 3.32 ± 2.84 ++^^^ X | 2.06–4.58 |
FVP (n = 20) | 65.75 ± 11.53 *+ | 60.35–71.15 | 68.70 ± 7.97 ^ | 64.97–72.43 | 9.65 ± 6.20 | 6.75–12.55 | 11.05 ± 5.71 ** X | 8.38–13.72 |
Sport | Right Leg Ratio (H/Q) | Left Leg Ratio (H/Q) | Bilateral Asymmetries % (RQ:LQ) | Bilateral Asymmetries % (RH:LH) |
---|---|---|---|---|
YMGL (n = 22) | 71.68 ± 9.11 | 72.59 ± 9.97 | 6.41 ± 4.91 | 6.18 ± 3.81 |
YFSP (n = 20) | 65.75 ± 6.21 | 69.40 ± 5.93 | 2.90 ± 3.46 | 5.55 ± 4.25 |
YMSP (n = 30) | 70.23 ± 8.56 | 71.07 ± 9.47 | 5.50 ± 3.01 | 5.37 ± 3.40 |
YMBP (n = 30) | 71.67 ± 11.17 | 73.77 ± 11.22 | 9.67 ± 6.90 | 7.60 ± 5.42 |
Sport | Variables | Mean Difference | p | Cohen’s d | 95% CI Lower -Upper | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EMGL-YMGL | Right leg ratio (H/Q) | 1.77 | 0.53 | −3.84 | 7.39 | |
Left leg ratio (H/Q) | 1.59 | 0.57 | −3.96 | 7.14 | ||
Bilateral asymmetries % (RQ:LQ) | −2.045 | 0.11 | −4.54 | 0.45 | ||
Bilateral asymmetries % (RH:LH) | −2.86 | 0.007 | d = 0.86 | −4.91 | −0.82 | |
EFSP-YFSP | Right leg ratio (H/Q) | 13.30 | 0.006 | d = 0.98 | 4.21 | 22.39 |
Left leg ratio (H/Q) | 3.80 | 0.25 | −2.90 | 10.50 | ||
Bilateral asymmetries % (RQ:LQ) | 9.90 | 0.002 | d = 1.12 | 4.09 | 15.71 | |
Bilateral asymmetries % (RH:LH) | 3.10 | 0.11 | −0.71 | 6.91 | ||
EMSP-YMSP | Right leg ratio (H/Q) | 6.57 | 0.01 | d = 0.71 | 1.58 | 11.55 |
Left leg ratio (H/Q) | 9.17 | 0.001 | d = 0.89 | 3.77 | 14.57 | |
Bilateral asymmetries % (RQ:LQ) | 2.87 | 0.02 | d = 0.62 | 0.44 | 5.29 | |
Bilateral asymmetries % (RH:LH) | 3.97 | 0.02 | d = 0.63 | 0.66 | 7.27 | |
MBP-YMBP | Right leg ratio (H/Q) | 2.40 | 0.45 | −3.98 | 8.78 | |
Left leg ratio (H/Q) | 1.77 | 0.60 | −4.94 | 8.48 | ||
Bilateral asymmetries % (RQ:LQ) | −3.73 | 0.013 | d = 0.68 | −6.62 | −0.84 | |
Bilateral asymmetries % (RH:LH) | −2.27 | 0.063 | −4.66 | 0.13 |
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Parpa, K.; Michaelides, M. Anterior-Posterior and Inter-Limb Lower Body Strength Asymmetry in Soccer, Basketball, Futsal, and Volleyball Players. Medicina 2022, 58, 1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081080
Parpa K, Michaelides M. Anterior-Posterior and Inter-Limb Lower Body Strength Asymmetry in Soccer, Basketball, Futsal, and Volleyball Players. Medicina. 2022; 58(8):1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081080
Chicago/Turabian StyleParpa, Koulla, and Marcos Michaelides. 2022. "Anterior-Posterior and Inter-Limb Lower Body Strength Asymmetry in Soccer, Basketball, Futsal, and Volleyball Players" Medicina 58, no. 8: 1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081080