Radioprotective Effect of Hesperidin: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Inclusion Criteria
- Studies that were conducted to determine the radioprotective effect of hesperidin and were published in the English language;
- Studies in which ionizing radiation was used; and
- Experimental and clinical studies with full texts.
2.3. Exclusion Criteria
- Studies in which hesperidin was not used;
- Studies in which hesperidin was used in combination with other agents;
- Studies that made use of other forms of radiation such as ultraviolet (UV), fluorescence, cosmic, etc.;
- Studies that evaluated the effect of hesperidin with chemotherapy instead of radiation therapy; and
- Conference abstracts, simulation studies, review articles, case reports, letters, editorials, unpublished data, articles without full texts, and non-English articles.
2.4. Study Selection
2.5. Data Extraction
3. Results
3.1. Literature Search
3.2. Study Characteristics
3.3. Hesperidin Dosage
3.4. Toxicity and Survival Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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First Author | Subject | Organ (or Tissue) of Interest | Radiation Type and Dose (Gy) | Hesperidin Dose/Concentration | Time for Outcome Assessment | Main Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Katoch et al. [19] | Cultured human fibroblast cells | Fibroblast cells | γ-ray, 5 | 6.18 ± 0.26 mg/g extract | 4 h | Countered radiation-induced free radicals post-irradiation, decreased prolonged oxidative stress, and protected against radiation-induced DNA damage. |
Hosseinimehr et al. [20] | Cultured human blood lymphocytes | Lymphocytes | γ-ray, 1.5 | 250 mg/kg body weight | 0–3 h | Significant decrease in the incidence of micronuclei of blood lymphocytes collected 1 h after oral administration of hesperidin compared to those collected at 0 h. Maximum protection and decrease in frequency of micronuclei (33%) was observed at 1 h after ingestion of hesperidin. |
Kalpana et al. [21] | Cultured human lymphocytes | Lymphocytes | γ-ray, 1–4 | 3.27–19.65 µM | 30 min | Here, 16.38 µM hesperidin pretreatment prior to irradiation had the maximum radioprotective effect, which included a significant decrease in the levels of MN and DC counts, as well as TBARS. Reduction in tail length, tail moment, olive tail moment, and % DNA in the tail. Increased levels of enzymatic (SOD, CAT, and GPx) and non-enzymatic (glutathione (GSH)) antioxidants and restored DNA damage to near-normal levels. |
Hosseinimehr et al. [22] | Cultured human lymphocyte cells | Lymphocytes | γ-ray from 99mTc-MIBI radiopharmaceuticals, 200 μCi | 10–100 μM | 3 h | Significant reduction in micronuclei frequency in cultured lymphocytes, thereby leading to protection against genetic damage. Optimal effect of hesperidin was obtained at 100 μM concentration. |
Kang et al. [23] | Cultured BALB/c mice splenocytes | Splenocytes | γ-ray, 2 and 4 | 20–500 µM | 24 h | Improved cell viability, prevented damage to DNA, and hindered proinflammatory cytokines, intracellular ROS, and NO. |
Jagetia et al. [24] | Swiss albino mice | Skin wound | γ-ray, 6 | 0–500 mg/kg body weight | 3–15 days | Treatment with 100 mg/kg hesperidin before irradiation had the maximum radioprotective effect, leading to a steady increase in wound contraction and reduction in mean wound healing time by 2 days. |
Jagetia et al. [25] | Swiss albino mice | Skin wound | γ-ray, 2–8 | 100 mg/kg body weight | 1–15 days | Enhancement of collagen, hexosamine, DNA, and nitric oxide synthesis in the granulation tissue, thereby improving wound healing compared to the irradiated group. |
Jagetia et al. [26] | Swiss albino mice | Skin wound | γ-ray, 2–8 | 100 mg/kg body weight | 1–15 days | Significantly reduced both radiation-induced delay in wound contraction and mean wound healing time. |
Jagetia et al. [27] | Swiss albino mice | Skin wound | γ-ray, 6 | 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight | 0–48 h | Reduced radiation-induced oxidative stress in the irradiated wounds of mice. |
Kalpana et al. [28] | Swiss albino mice | Liver | X-ray, 4 | 12.5–100 mg/kg body weight | 30 days | Here, 25 mg/kg hesperidin pretreatment prior to irradiation had the maximum radioprotective effect, including restoring antioxidant status to near-normal as well as decreasing the levels of the lipid peroxidation index, DNA damage, and comet parameters. |
Lee et al. [29] | ICR mice | Liver, intestine, splenocytes, and lymphocytes | X-ray, 15 | 50 and 200 mg/kg body weight | 10 and 30 days | Reduction of radiation-induced inflammation and partial restoration of immune and nutritional status. |
Hosseinimehr et al. [30] | NMRI mice | Bone marrow cells | γ-ray, 2 | 10–160 mg/kg body weight | 24 h | Hesperidin dose of 80 mg/kg had the maximum reduction in the frequencies of MnPCEs. Significant increase in PCE/PCE + NCE ratio in mice bone marrow compared to nondrug-treated irradiated control. |
Haddadi et al. [31] | Sprague-Dawley rats | Skin | γ-ray, 22 | 100 mg/kg body weight | 24 h | Initiated angiogenesis by inducing VEGF gene. Stimulated epithelialization and collagen deposition and enhanced cellular proliferation, thereby aiding wound healing and protecting skin from radiation damage. |
Haddadi et al. [32] | Sprague-Dawley rats | Lung | γ-ray, 18 | 100 mg/kg body weight | 24 h and 8 weeks for acute and chronic histopathological evaluations, respectively. | Hesperidin administration led to significant decrease in radiation-induced inflammation and inflammatory cells at 24 h post-irradiation. Furthermore, there was a reduction in radiation pneumonitis and radiation fibrosis in the lung tissue at 8 weeks post-irradiation. |
Shaban et al. [33] | Sprague-Dawley rats | Testes | γ-ray, 8 | 200 mg/kg body weight | 8 and 14 days | Reduction in OS, LPO, and apoptosis. Improvement in structure of testes and better protection of testes was observed when hesperidin was administered before irradiation compared to after irradiation. |
Karimi et al. [34] | Rats | Lens | γ-ray, 15 | 100 mg/kg body weight | 2 days | Significant increase in the GSH level and decrease in MDA level, and hence, a reduction in oxidative stress. |
Abd El-Rahman et al. [35] | Albino rats | Blood, lung, and dorsal aorta | γ-ray, 6 | 40 mg/kg body weight | 21 days | Significantly reduced lipid variation, decreased oxidative stress, improved blood cell counts, and attenuated lung and dorsal aorta tissue injury. |
Rezaeyan et al. [36] | Rats | Lung | γ-ray, 18 | 100 mg/kg body weight | 24 h | Significant reduction in macrophages and neutrophils, as well as mild reduction in inflammation and lymphocytes. |
Fardid et al. [37] | Rats | Peripheral blood lymphocytes | γ-ray, 2 and 8 | 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight | 24 h | Pretreatment with hesperidin significantly reduced apoptosis in irradiated rats. |
Rezaeyan et al. [38] | Rats | Heart | X-ray, 18 | 100 mg/kg body weight | 24 h (for biochemical assay and acute histopathological evaluation) and 8 weeks (for chronic histopathological evaluation) | Decreased inflammation, fibrosis, mast cell, and macrophage numbers and myocyte necrosis. |
Ahmed et al. [39] | Albino rats | Bone | γ-ray, 2 | 160 mg/kg body weight | 24 h | Improvement in antioxidant activities as well as biomechanical properties of bone and prevention of endothelial dysfunction. |
Pradeep et al. [40] | Sprague-Dawley rats | Liver, heart, and kidney | γ-ray, 5 | 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight | 7 days | Reduction in necrotic and cellular damage, as well as oxidative stress. |
Said et al. [41] | Albino rats | Brain | γ-ray, 5 | 50 mg/kg body weight | 14 days | Significant reduction in oxidative stress, monoamine alterations, and mitochondrial damage, and hence a reduction in the severity of radiation-induced biochemical brain disorders. |
Park et al. [42] | Sprague-Dawley rats | Heart and kidney | γ-ray, 5 | 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight | 7 days | Treatment with hesperidin post-irradiation led to significant reduction in levels of lipid peroxidation, improvements in activities of endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH), and minimal damage to the heart and kidney tissues. |
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Musa, A.E.; Omyan, G.; Esmaely, F.; Shabeeb, D. Radioprotective Effect of Hesperidin: A Systematic Review. Medicina 2019, 55, 370. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070370
Musa AE, Omyan G, Esmaely F, Shabeeb D. Radioprotective Effect of Hesperidin: A Systematic Review. Medicina. 2019; 55(7):370. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070370
Chicago/Turabian StyleMusa, Ahmed Eleojo, Gilnaz Omyan, Farid Esmaely, and Dheyauldeen Shabeeb. 2019. "Radioprotective Effect of Hesperidin: A Systematic Review" Medicina 55, no. 7: 370. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070370