A Meta-Analysis on Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials Evaluating the Effect of the Dietary Supplement Chitosan on Weight Loss, Lipid Parameters and Blood Pressure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Study Selection
2.3. Data Extraction
2.4. Quantitative Data Synthesis and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Retrieved Data and Characteristics of the Trials
3.2. Types of Outcome Measures
3.2.1. Body Weight
3.2.2. Body Mass Index (BMI)
3.2.3. Blood Pressure
Systolic Blood Pressure
Diastolic Blood Pressure
3.2.4. Plasma Cholesterol and Triglyceride Concentrations
Total Cholesterol
HDL Cholesterol
LDL Cholesterol
Triglycerides
4. Discussion
4.1. Comparison with Other Meta-Analysis
4.2. Strengths and Limitations of Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No.crt. | Reference (Author, Year) | No. of Participants | Study Design ** | Participants’ Age (Years) | Participants’ Gender | Participants’ Baseline BMI (kg/m2) | Chitosan Dosage Form | Chitosan Administration (g/Day) | Duration (Days) | Confounding Variables (Other Interventions or Active Ingredients) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Pittler, 1999 | 30 | R, DB | 18–60 | M, F | treatment: 26.3 placebo: 26.9 | capsules | 1 | 28 | Participants were excluded if they were currently following a diet. |
2 | Schiller, 2001 | 59 | R, DB | 21–55 | F | treatment: 32.2 placebo: 31.8 | capsules | 3 | 56 | Subjects were instructed to continue their regular caloric intake. The chitosan capsules contained >90% chitosan and <10% succinic acid. |
3 | Ho 2001 (Male) | 37 | R, DB | treatment: 42.4 * placebo: 42.5 * | M | treatment: 25.7 placebo: 27.0 | capsules | 3.1 | 84 | No restrictions or monitoring of dietary habits. |
Ho 2001 (Female) | 31 | R, DB | treatment: 42.8 * placebo: 44.3 * | F | treatment: 25.6 placebo: 24.6 | capsules | 3.1 | 84 | No restrictions or monitoring of dietary habits. | |
4 | Bokura 2003 | 84 | R, DB | 34–70 | F | treatment: 23.6 placebo: 22.3 | capsules | 1.2 | 56 | Subjects were instructed to continue their regular diet. |
5 | Woodgate, 2003 | 22 | R, DB | 20–50 | M, F | treatment: 36.8 placebo: 34.6 | capsules | no information available | 42 | Subjects were instructed to continue their regular diet and exercise patterns. The capsules contained additional active ingredients (glucomannan, chitosan, fenugreek, G sylvestre, and vitamin C) |
6 | Mhurchu, 2004 | 250 | R, DB | >18 | M, F | treatment: 34.8 placebo: 36 | capsules | 3 | 168 | All participants received standardized dietary and lifestyle advice for weight loss. |
7 | Kaats 2006 | 88 | R, DB | treatment: 43.9 * placebo: 48.7 * | M, F | not available not available | capsules | 3 | 60 | Subjects were asked to follow a behavior modification plan and their physical activity was monitored. The treatment group took the following substances in addition: Beta-glucan, sno white oat fiber, betaine hydrochloride and aloe saponins (1 mg of each). |
8 | Cornelli, 2008 | 56 | R, DB | 30–60 | M, F | treatment: 27.4 placebo: 27.4 | tablets | 2 | 122 | Intake of at least 1.5 L of water per day. Patients were asked to keep their habitual diet. In addition to chitosan, the capsules contained L-ascorbic acid (6%) and tartaric acid (3%). |
9 | Hernandez, 2010 | 12 | R, DB | 30–50 | M, F | treatment: 34.3 placebo: 32.7 | no information available | 2.25 | 91 | All patients received general recommendations about their medical nutritional therapy and were instructed to not modify their usual forms of exercise. |
10 | Willers, 2012 | 120 | R, DB | 30–60 | M, F | treatment: 31.7 placebo: 31.7 | tablets | 0.8 | 84 | One serving of protein-rich formula diet a day. |
11 | Pohkis 2015 | 87 | R, DB | 21–75 | M, F | treatment: 35 placebo: 35 | tablets | 3.4 | 175 | A daily calorie deficit (500 cal) and an increased daily physical activity (7 MET ***-h/ week). |
12 | Trivedi, 2016 | 96 | R, SB | 18–65 | M, F | treatment: 30.93 placebo: 30.91 | capsules | 2.5 | 90 | Subjects were advised to maintain their normal routine diet. |
13 | Cornelli, 2017 | 97 | R, DB | 25–65 | M, F | treatment: 33.9 placebo: 34.1 | tablets | 1.6 | 365 | 10% calorie restriction and an increase in physical activity (9 MET-h/wk). |
14 | Santas, 2017 | 41 | R, DB | 18–65 | M, F | treatment: 29.1 placebo: 29.2 | caps with solvable content | 0.343 | 84 | Diet was not controlled and participants were asked not to alter their dietary habits and physical activity. The administered caps contained a beta-glucan-chitin-chitosan fraction (BGCC) |
Parameter | Jull [35] | Our Study |
---|---|---|
Weight | −1.71 (−2.09, −1.32) | −1.01 (−1.67, −0.34) |
BMI | −0.35 (−0.55, −0.15) | −1.27 (−1.96, −0.57) |
TC | −0.21 (−0.28, −0.13) | −1.39 (−2.17, −0.62) |
HDL | 0.03 (0.01, 0.05) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.04) |
LDL | −0.16 (−0.23, −0.10) | −0.83 (−1.64, −0.01) |
TG | −0.12 (−0.19, −0.06) | −1.06 (−1.67, −0.45) |
SBP | −5.94 (−7.25, −4.63) | −2.68 (−4.19, −1.18) |
DBP | −3.38 (−4.35, −2.42) | −2.14 (−4.14, −0.14) |
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Moraru, C.; Mincea, M.M.; Frandes, M.; Timar, B.; Ostafe, V. A Meta-Analysis on Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials Evaluating the Effect of the Dietary Supplement Chitosan on Weight Loss, Lipid Parameters and Blood Pressure. Medicina 2018, 54, 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina54060109
Moraru C, Mincea MM, Frandes M, Timar B, Ostafe V. A Meta-Analysis on Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials Evaluating the Effect of the Dietary Supplement Chitosan on Weight Loss, Lipid Parameters and Blood Pressure. Medicina. 2018; 54(6):109. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina54060109
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoraru, Cristina, Manuela Maria Mincea, Mirela Frandes, Bogdan Timar, and Vasile Ostafe. 2018. "A Meta-Analysis on Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials Evaluating the Effect of the Dietary Supplement Chitosan on Weight Loss, Lipid Parameters and Blood Pressure" Medicina 54, no. 6: 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina54060109
APA StyleMoraru, C., Mincea, M. M., Frandes, M., Timar, B., & Ostafe, V. (2018). A Meta-Analysis on Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials Evaluating the Effect of the Dietary Supplement Chitosan on Weight Loss, Lipid Parameters and Blood Pressure. Medicina, 54(6), 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina54060109