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Review

Research Progress on the Alkaloids of Dendrobium nobile: Substantiation, Key Components, Pharmacological Activity, and Biosynthetic Pathways

by
Changli Yang
1,†,
Qi Jia
1,2,†,
Yongxia Zhao
1,
Lin Qin
1,
Daopeng Tan
1,* and
Yuqi He
1,*
1
Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium nobile, Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Orchid Medicinal Plant Breeding and Efficient Application, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
2
Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563009, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48(6), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48060570
Submission received: 22 April 2026 / Revised: 22 May 2026 / Accepted: 26 May 2026 / Published: 29 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biologically Active Compounds: Sources, Mechanisms of Action, and Applications)
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Abstract

Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is a valuable medicinal orchid in traditional Chinese medicine. It abounds in alkaloids with extensive pharmacological properties, holding promising prospects for pharmaceutical development. In this review, the relevant literature was systematically retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI using the keywords Dendrobium nobile Lindl., alkaloids, dendrobine, pharmacological activities and biosynthetic pathways. We comprehensively summarize the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, biosynthetic routes, clinical application potential and research prospects of alkaloids derived from D. nobile. The main alkaloid components including dendrobine, dendramine and nobilonine are classified into dendrobine, dendroxine and nobiline structural types. This paper further elaborates the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of these alkaloids, as well as their regulatory mechanisms on apoptosis-associated proteins and signaling cascades. Key enzymes and regulatory genes participating in the mevalonate pathway-mediated biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoid alkaloids are also discussed. Collectively, this review provides a theoretical basis and reference for subsequent basic research and therapeutic development of D. nobile alkaloids.
Keywords: Dendrobium nobile; dendrobine; alkaloids; biosynthetic pathway; pharmacological action Dendrobium nobile; dendrobine; alkaloids; biosynthetic pathway; pharmacological action

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, C.; Jia, Q.; Zhao, Y.; Qin, L.; Tan, D.; He, Y. Research Progress on the Alkaloids of Dendrobium nobile: Substantiation, Key Components, Pharmacological Activity, and Biosynthetic Pathways. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48, 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48060570

AMA Style

Yang C, Jia Q, Zhao Y, Qin L, Tan D, He Y. Research Progress on the Alkaloids of Dendrobium nobile: Substantiation, Key Components, Pharmacological Activity, and Biosynthetic Pathways. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2026; 48(6):570. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48060570

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Changli, Qi Jia, Yongxia Zhao, Lin Qin, Daopeng Tan, and Yuqi He. 2026. "Research Progress on the Alkaloids of Dendrobium nobile: Substantiation, Key Components, Pharmacological Activity, and Biosynthetic Pathways" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 48, no. 6: 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48060570

APA Style

Yang, C., Jia, Q., Zhao, Y., Qin, L., Tan, D., & He, Y. (2026). Research Progress on the Alkaloids of Dendrobium nobile: Substantiation, Key Components, Pharmacological Activity, and Biosynthetic Pathways. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 48(6), 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48060570

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