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Volume 47
Issue 8
10.3390/cimb47080639
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Protective Effects of Inula japonica Leaf Extract Against PM10-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes

by
Yea Jung Choi
1,†,
So-Ri Son
2,†,
Sullim Lee
3,* and
Dae Sik Jang
2,*
1
College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
2
College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(8), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47080639 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 30 June 2025 / Revised: 7 August 2025 / Accepted: 8 August 2025 / Published: 9 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Inula japonica leaf extract against PM10-induced oxidative stress in normal human keratinocytes. Keratinocytes were pretreated with various concentrations of Inula japonica leaf extract and subsequently exposed to PM10. Cell viability, ROS production, gene and protein expression (qRT-PCR and Western blot), and UHPLC-MS profiling were assessed. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted using database-predicted compounds of Inulae Flos. The extract significantly reduced PM10-induced ROS generation and restored the expression of epidermal barrier-related genes such as loricrin. It also inhibited phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK, p38) and modulated apoptotic and inflammatory markers including Bax, p53, MMP-9, and COX-2. UHPLC-MS analysis identified eight compounds not previously reported in our earlier study, which may contribute to the extract’s protective effects. Inula japonica leaf extract exerts protective effects against PM10-induced skin damage by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in keratinocytes. These findings support its potential as a therapeutic candidate for pollution-related skin disorders.
Keywords: human normal keratinocytes; particulate matter; Inula japonica; oxidative stress; skin disorder human normal keratinocytes; particulate matter; Inula japonica; oxidative stress; skin disorder

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MDPI and ACS Style

Choi, Y.J.; Son, S.-R.; Lee, S.; Jang, D.S. Protective Effects of Inula japonica Leaf Extract Against PM10-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47, 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47080639

AMA Style

Choi YJ, Son S-R, Lee S, Jang DS. Protective Effects of Inula japonica Leaf Extract Against PM10-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2025; 47(8):639. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47080639

Chicago/Turabian Style

Choi, Yea Jung, So-Ri Son, Sullim Lee, and Dae Sik Jang. 2025. "Protective Effects of Inula japonica Leaf Extract Against PM10-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 47, no. 8: 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47080639

APA Style

Choi, Y. J., Son, S.-R., Lee, S., & Jang, D. S. (2025). Protective Effects of Inula japonica Leaf Extract Against PM10-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 47(8), 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47080639

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