Therapeutic Potential of Zeolites/Vitamin B12 Nanocomposite on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis as a Bone Disorder: In Vivo Study and Bio-Molecular Investigations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
Chemicals
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Preparation of Nano ZT and ZT/VB12 Nanocomposite
2.2.2. Nano ZT/Vit B 12 Characterization
2.3. Molecular Simulation Calculations
2.4. Experimental Animals
2.5. Induction of Arthritis
2.6. Animal Grouping
2.7. Assessment of Paw Edema
2.8. Histopathological Examination
2.9. Biochemical Investigations
2.10. Western Blot Analysis
2.11. q-RT-PCR Analysis
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Nano Synthesis and Characterization
3.2. Molecular Simulations
3.3. Effect of Nano ZT/Vit B12 on Gross Lesions of the Paw and Ankle Joint
3.4. Effect of Nano ZT/Vit B12 on Right Hind Paws Volume
3.5. Effect of Nano ZT/Vit B12 on Serum RF, CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, ADAMTS-5, IL-4, and TIMP3 Levels
3.6. Effect of Nano ZT/Vit B12 on LPO, GSH Content, and GST Activity
3.7. Effects of Nano ZT/Vit B12 on TGF-β mRNA Expression and MMP13 Protein Levels
3.8. Histopathological Changes and Arthritic Score
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genes. | GenBank Accession Number | Sequence (5′–3′) |
---|---|---|
TGF-β | XM_032894155.1 | F: GACTCTCCACCTGCAAGACC R: GGACTGGCGAGCCTTAGTTT |
GAPDH | XM_017592435.1 | F: CACCCTGTTGCTGTAGCCATATTC R: GACATCAAGAAGGTGGTGAAGCAG |
Cavity | Synovial Lining | Inflammatory Infiltrate | Blood Vessels | Pannus | Articular Cartilage | Menisci | |
Normal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Arthritic | 0 | ++ | ++ | 0 | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Arthritic + Nano ZT/Vit B12 | 0 | 0 | + | 0 | + | 0 | 0 |
Cavity: | |||||||
0: Average +: Narrow ++: Very narrow | |||||||
Synovial lining: | |||||||
0: Average/intact +: Thickened/hyperplastic ++: Necrotic/ulcerated | |||||||
Inflammatory infiltrate: | |||||||
0: No +: Scattered/mild ++: Moderate/marked/with excess fibroblasts | |||||||
Blood vessels: | |||||||
0: Average +: Mildly dilated/congested ++: Markedly dilated/congested | |||||||
Pannus: | |||||||
0: No +: Small/large non-destructing ++: Large destructing/with fibrous bands | |||||||
Articular cartilage: | |||||||
0: Average +: Mildly destructed/thickened ++: Markedly destructed | |||||||
Menisci: | |||||||
0: Average +: Mildly destructed ++: Markedly destructed |
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Belal, A.; Mahmoud, R.; Taha, M.; Halfaya, F.M.; Hassaballa, A.; Elbanna, E.S.; Khaled, E.; Farghali, A.; Abo El-Ela, F.I.; Mahgoub, S.M.; et al. Therapeutic Potential of Zeolites/Vitamin B12 Nanocomposite on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis as a Bone Disorder: In Vivo Study and Bio-Molecular Investigations. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16020285
Belal A, Mahmoud R, Taha M, Halfaya FM, Hassaballa A, Elbanna ES, Khaled E, Farghali A, Abo El-Ela FI, Mahgoub SM, et al. Therapeutic Potential of Zeolites/Vitamin B12 Nanocomposite on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis as a Bone Disorder: In Vivo Study and Bio-Molecular Investigations. Pharmaceuticals. 2023; 16(2):285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16020285
Chicago/Turabian StyleBelal, Amany, Rehab Mahmoud, Mohamed Taha, Fatma Mohamed Halfaya, Ahmed Hassaballa, Esraa Salah Elbanna, Esraa Khaled, Ahmed Farghali, Fatma I. Abo El-Ela, Samar M. Mahgoub, and et al. 2023. "Therapeutic Potential of Zeolites/Vitamin B12 Nanocomposite on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis as a Bone Disorder: In Vivo Study and Bio-Molecular Investigations" Pharmaceuticals 16, no. 2: 285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16020285
APA StyleBelal, A., Mahmoud, R., Taha, M., Halfaya, F. M., Hassaballa, A., Elbanna, E. S., Khaled, E., Farghali, A., Abo El-Ela, F. I., Mahgoub, S. M., Ghoneim, M. M., & Zaky, M. Y. (2023). Therapeutic Potential of Zeolites/Vitamin B12 Nanocomposite on Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis as a Bone Disorder: In Vivo Study and Bio-Molecular Investigations. Pharmaceuticals, 16(2), 285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16020285